用大模型驱动多智能体,自动设计可运行的机械装置。
An LLM-enabled Multi-Agent Autonomous Mechatronics Design Framework
- 通过语言指令驱动多智能体协同,完成机械、电子、控制等全链条设计。
- 在真实水体监测任务中,自动生成具备优化推进与低成本电子系统的无人船。
- 适合需要跨学科协作但缺乏专家资源的工程自动化场景。
现有基于大模型的多智能体框架多局限于数字或仿真环境,且知识领域狭窄,难以应对需物理实体构建、跨学科整合与约束感知推理的复杂工程任务。本文提出一种多智能体自主机电系统设计框架,融合机械设计、优化、电子与软件工程专长,可在极少人工干预下自动生成功能性原型。系统以语言驱动工作流为主,结合结构化人类反馈,确保在真实约束下的稳健表现。为验证能力,将其应用于自主水质监测与采样这一现实挑战,传统方法耗时且生态破坏性强。借助该系统,成功开发出功能完整的无人船,具备优化推进系统、成本可控电子组件和先进控制系统。设计由高层规划智能体及结构、电子、控制、软件等专用智能体协同完成。结果表明,基于大模型的多智能体系统可有效自动化真实世界工程流程,降低对专业领域知识的依赖。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Existing LLM-enabled multi-agent frameworks are predominantly limited to digital or simulated environments and confined to narrowly focused knowledge domain, constraining their applicability to complex engineering tasks that require the design of physical embodiment, cross-disciplinary integration, and constraint-aware reasoning. This work proposes a multi-agent autonomous mechatronics design framework, integrating expertise across mechanical design, optimization, electronics, and software engineering to autonomously generate functional prototypes with minimal direct human design input. Operating primarily through a language-driven workflow, the framework incorporates structured human feedback to ensure robust performance under real-world constraints. To validate its capabilities, the framework is applied to a real-world challenge involving autonomous water-quality monitoring and sampling, where traditional methods are labor-intensive and ecologically disruptive. Leveraging the proposed system, a fully functional autonomous vessel was developed with optimized propulsion, cost-effective electronics, and advanced control. The design process was carried out by specialized agents, including a high-level planning agent responsible for problem abstraction and dedicated agents for structural, electronics, control, and software development. This approach demonstrates the potential of LLM-based multi-agent systems to automate real-world engineering workflows and reduce reliance on extensive domain expertise.
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