对比了大模型评估中两种反馈方式,发现绝对评分更抗干扰、结果更可靠。
Pairwise or Pointwise? Evaluating Feedback Protocols for Bias in LLM-Based Evaluation
- 用绝对分值与相对偏好两种方式评估模型输出质量
- 相对偏好有35%会因干扰特征翻转判断,绝对评分仅9%
- 适合追求稳定评估结果的研究者使用绝对评分
大语言模型广泛用于训练(基于AI反馈的强化学习)和大规模响应评估(大模型作为评判者)。对齐与评估是构建可靠大模型的关键环节,而反馈协议的选择起着核心作用,但目前研究不足。本文发现,评估中采用绝对分数还是相对偏好会显著影响评估可靠性并引入系统性偏差。在大模型作为评判者的场景下,相对偏好协议更容易受干扰评估影响:生成模型可利用大模型评判者偏好的无关特征(即干扰特征),导致低质量输出获得虚高评分。我们发现绝对评分更稳健,其判断更能反映真实质量,且受干扰特征影响更小。实验表明,生成模型通过嵌入干扰特征可使相对偏好翻转约35%的情况,而绝对评分仅9%。本文根据数据集特性和评估目标提出反馈协议选择建议。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used as proxies for human labelers in both training (Reinforcement Learning from AI Feedback) and large-scale response evaluation (LLM-as-a-judge). Alignment and evaluation are critical components in the development of reliable LLMs, and the choice of feedback protocol plays a central role in both but remains understudied. In this work, we show that the choice of feedback protocol for evaluation (absolute scores versus relative preferences) can significantly affect evaluation reliability and induce systematic biases. In the context of LLM-as-a-judge evaluation, we show that pairwise protocols are more vulnerable to distracted evaluation. Generator models can exploit spurious attributes (or distractor features) favored by the LLM judge, resulting in inflated scores for lower-quality outputs. We find that absolute scoring is more robust to such manipulation, producing judgments that better reflect response quality and are less influenced by distractor features. Our results demonstrate that generator models can flip preferences by embedding distractor features, skewing LLM-as-a-judge comparisons and leading to inaccurate conclusions about model quality in benchmark evaluations. Pairwise preferences flip in about 35% of the cases, compared to only 9% for absolute scores. We offer recommendations for choosing feedback protocols based on dataset characteristics and evaluation objectives.
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