arXiv:2504.14755cs.ROcs.SY2025-04被引 14

用安全约束控制软体机器人,确保接触力在安全范围内。

Safe Autonomous Environmental Contact for Soft Robots using Control Barrier Functions

  • 通过环境变形预测构建安全位置集,约束机器人末端运动。
  • 采用带屏障函数的二次规划,实时保障接触力不超限。
  • 适合需高安全性、易损环境中的软体机器人应用。

由柔性材料制成的机器人在接触环境中施加的力通常低于刚性机器人,因此更适合敏感场景。然而,其接触力由设计与闭环控制共同决定,必须通过控制器设计保证力的上限。本文首次为软机械臂提出一种反馈控制器,可形式化满足接触安全规范。在已知环境几何与弹性模量的设定下,方法通过预测环境变形,将接触力上限映射为机器人末端的安全位置集合。利用包含控制屏障函数的二次规划,监督原始反馈信号,确保末端始终位于该安全集内。硬件实验在多段气动软体机器人上验证了该框架能保持正的安全裕度。该方法标志着软体机器人控制范式的转变,实现了对其位姿与接触力的形式化安全验证。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Robots built from soft materials will inherently apply lower environmental forces than their rigid counterparts, and therefore may be more suitable in sensitive settings with unintended contact. However, these robots' applied forces result from both their design and their control system in closed-loop, and therefore, ensuring bounds on these forces requires controller synthesis for safety as well. This article introduces the first feedback controller for a soft manipulator that formally meets a safety specification with respect to environmental contact. In our proof-of-concept setting, the robot's environment has known geometry and is deformable with a known elastic modulus. Our approach maps a bound on applied forces to a safe set of positions of the robot's tip via predicted deformations of the environment. Then, a quadratic program with Control Barrier Functions in its constraints is used to supervise a nominal feedback signal, verifiably maintaining the robot's tip within this safe set. Hardware experiments on a multi-segment soft pneumatic robot demonstrate that the proposed framework successfully maintains a positive safety margin. This framework represents a fundamental shift in perspective on control and safety for soft robots, implementing a formally verifiable logic specification on their pose and contact forces.

软体机器人安全控制屏障函数

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