arXiv:2504.14995quant-phcs.AI2025-04

将树张量网络与量子神经网络结合,实现多类图像分类的高效训练与编码。

Trainable Quantum Neural Network for Multiclass Image Classification with the Power of Pre-trained Tree Tensor Networks

  • 用多个小维度树张量网络组合成森林张量网络,避免大尺度量子门操作。
  • 通过绝热编码消除中间测量,成功将预训练模型嵌入量子电路且保持性能。
  • 在MNIST和CIFAR-10上验证了可训练性与性能提升,适合量子增强图像分类研究者。

树张量网络(TTN)在经典硬件上已表现出优异的图像分类性能。将其嵌入量子神经网络(QNN)有望进一步利用量子资源提升表现,但多类分类场景下仍面临挑战:高阶量子门对大键维数的需求,以及需中段电路后选择的、成功率呈指数级下降的精确嵌入方式。本文提出森林张量网络(FTN)分类器,通过聚合多个小键维数的TTN,无需大尺度门即可处理多类分类任务。同时,将绝热编码框架拓展至本场景,平滑实现FTN分类器到量子森林张量网络(qFTN)分类器的嵌入,消除了中段后选择开销。数值实验在MNIST和CIFAR-10数据集上表明,可成功训练并编码FTN分类器,且性能维持或优于原模型。结果表明,TTN分类模型与QNN的协同为多类量子增强图像分类提供了稳健且可扩展的框架。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Tree tensor networks (TTNs) offer powerful models for image classification. While these TTN image classifiers already show excellent performance on classical hardware, embedding them into quantum neural networks (QNNs) may further improve the performance by leveraging quantum resources. However, embedding TTN classifiers into QNNs for multiclass classification remains challenging. Key obstacles are the highorder gate operations required for large bond dimensions and the mid-circuit postselection with exponentially low success rates necessary for the exact embedding. In this work, to address these challenges, we propose forest tensor network (FTN)-classifiers, which aggregate multiple small-bond-dimension TTNs. This allows us to handle multiclass classification without requiring large gates in the embedded circuits. We then remove the overhead of mid-circuit postselection by extending the adiabatic encoding framework to our setting and smoothly encode the FTN-classifiers into a quantum forest tensor network (qFTN)- classifiers. Numerical experiments on MNIST and CIFAR-10 demonstrate that we can successfully train FTN-classifiers and encode them into qFTN-classifiers, while maintaining or even improving the performance of the pre-trained FTN-classifiers. These results suggest that synergy between TTN classification models and QNNs can provide a robust and scalable framework for multiclass quantum-enhanced image classification.

量子机器学习图像分类张量网络量子神经网络

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