arXiv:2504.15327cs.ROcs.LG2025-04综述被引 23

AI让血管机器人具备自主导航能力,提升手术精度与安全。

Advancing Embodied Intelligence in Robotic-Assisted Endovascular Procedures: A Systematic Review of AI Solutions

  • 用AI实现血管实时分割与器械追踪,支持动态导航。
  • 结合强化学习模仿专家操作,提升机器人自主性。
  • 适合关注医疗机器人与智能手术系统的研发者。

血管内介入手术革新了血管疾病治疗,但其手动操作面临高精度要求、医生疲劳和辐射暴露等挑战。机器人系统作为变革性解决方案,正推动向具身智能(Embodied Intelligence, EI)的范式转变,使机器人能自主穿越复杂血管网络并适应动态生理条件。数据驱动方法通过先进计算机视觉、医学图像分析和机器学习技术,实现血管实时分割、器械跟踪与解剖标志识别。强化学习与模仿学习进一步优化导航策略,复现专家操作技巧。本综述系统分析了具身智能在血管机器人中的集成现状,揭示了验证标准不统一及人类模仿与机器原生能力之间的差距等深层系统性挑战。基于此,提出概念路线图,主张将目标从取代临床决策转向增强智能——医生角色转变为高层级监管者,为该领域未来发展提供原则性指导。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Endovascular procedures have revolutionized vascular disease treatment, yet their manual execution is challenged by the demands for high precision, operator fatigue, and radiation exposure. Robotic systems have emerged as transformative solutions to mitigate these inherent limitations. A pivotal moment has arrived, where a confluence of pressing clinical needs and breakthroughs in AI creates an opportunity for a paradigm shift toward Embodied Intelligence (EI), enabling robots to navigate complex vascular networks and adapt to dynamic physiological conditions. Data-driven approaches, leveraging advanced computer vision, medical image analysis, and machine learning, drive this evolution by enabling real-time vessel segmentation, device tracking, and anatomical landmark detection. Reinforcement learning and imitation learning further enhance navigation strategies and replicate expert techniques. This review systematically analyzes the integration of EI into endovascular robotics, identifying profound systemic challenges such as the heterogeneity in validation standards and the gap between human mimicry and machine-native capabilities. Based on this analysis, a conceptual roadmap is proposed that reframes the ultimate objective away from systems that supplant clinical decision-making. This vision of augmented intelligence, where the clinician's role evolves into that of a high-level supervisor, provides a principled foundation for the future of the field.

医疗机器人具身智能血管介入AI辅助

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