arXiv:2504.16056cs.CL2025-04被引 5

提出新蒸馏方法,提升小模型性能与可解释性。

Honey, I Shrunk the Language Model: Impact of Knowledge Distillation Methods on Performance and Explainability

  • 用批判修正提示生成训练数据,融合多种蒸馏策略。
  • 在CQA数据集上,学生模型准确率显著提升。
  • 首次系统对比蒸馏对性能与可解释性的影响,适合模型压缩研究者。

人工智能日益影响现代社会,尤其是大型语言模型(LLMs)的突破性进展。然而,LLMs 高昂的计算与存储需求限制了其在资源受限环境中的部署。知识蒸馏通过从大模型(教师)训练小模型(学生)来缓解这一问题。尽管已有多种蒸馏方法用于生成训练数据和训练学生模型,但前沿方法在模型性能与可解释性方面的影响尚未被充分研究和比较。本文通过引入批判-修订提示进行蒸馏数据生成,并整合现有训练方法,扩展了可用蒸馏技术。我们在广泛使用的常识问答(CQA)数据集上对这些方法进行了系统比较。性能以学生模型准确率衡量,可解释性则通过基于人类评估的研究进行评价。本工作贡献了新的蒸馏方法及其在性能与可解释性方面的对比分析,有助于推进小模型蒸馏技术,从而促进大模型技术的更广泛应用与快速普及。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increasingly influenced modern society, recently in particular through significant advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, high computational and storage demands of LLMs still limit their deployment in resource-constrained environments. Knowledge distillation addresses this challenge by training a small student model from a larger teacher model. Previous research has introduced several distillation methods for both generating training data and for training the student model. Despite their relevance, the effects of state-of-the-art distillation methods on model performance and explainability have not been thoroughly investigated and compared. In this work, we enlarge the set of available methods by applying critique-revision prompting to distillation for data generation and by synthesizing existing methods for training. For these methods, we provide a systematic comparison based on the widely used Commonsense Question-Answering (CQA) dataset. While we measure performance via student model accuracy, we employ a human-grounded study to evaluate explainability. We contribute new distillation methods and their comparison in terms of both performance and explainability. This should further advance the distillation of small language models and, thus, contribute to broader applicability and faster diffusion of LLM technology.

知识蒸馏语言模型可解释性小模型

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