提出双时间尺度波束成形方案，提升柔性天线系统的下行多用户速率。
Two-Timescale Joint Transmit and Pinching Beamforming for Pinching-Antenna Systems
- 分时优化发射与压点波束成形，短时用KKT引导学习，长时用随机凸逼近。
- 仿真显示性能显著优于其他基线算法，实现更高总速率。
- 适合研究柔性天线系统、低复杂度波束成形的学者和工程师。
压点天线系统（PASS）是一种革命性的灵活天线技术，通过在波导上可调节激活位置的低成本压点天线，实现视距链路。本文针对基于PASS的下行多用户多输入单输出系统，提出一种双时间尺度联合发射与压点波束成形设计，以最大化总速率。采用原始对偶分解方法将问题解耦为两个子问题：1）短时发射波束成形子问题采用基于KKT准则的对偶学习方法求解；2）长时压点波束成形子问题采用随机逐次凸逼近方法处理。仿真结果表明，所提双时间尺度算法相比其他基线方案表现出显著性能提升。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Pinching antenna systems (PASS) have been proposed as a revolutionary flexible antenna technology which facilitates line-of-sight links via numerous low-cost pinching antennas with adjustable activation positions over waveguides. This letter proposes a two-timescale joint transmit and pinching beamforming design for the maximization of sum rate of a PASS-based downlink multi-user multiple input single output system. A primal dual decomposition method is developed to decouple the two-timescale problem into two sub-problems: 1) A Karush-Kuhn-Tucker-guided dual learning-based approach is proposed to solve the short-term transmit beamforming design sub-problem; 2) The long-term pinching beamforming design sub-problem is tackled by adopting a stochastic successive convex approximation method. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed two-timescale algorithm achieves a significant performance gain compared to other baselines.
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