arXiv:2504.17173cs.HCcs.LG2025-04被引 6

在大规模无线定位中,利用未标记数据提升精度,误差降低18.7%。

Lessons from Deploying Learning-based CSI Localization on a Large-Scale ISAC Platform

  • 构建图结构建模异构信道状态信息,减少冗余。
  • 通过时空先验预训练,有效利用海量未标注数据。
  • 引入置信度感知微调,提升定位鲁棒性,适合真实场景部署。

近年来,具备精细空间特性的信道状态信息(CSI)在基于WiFi的室内定位中受到广泛关注。然而,尽管潜力巨大,基于CSI的方法尚未达到基于接收信号强度指示(RSSI)的部署规模与商业化水平。主要瓶颈在于多数现有系统在受控的小规模环境中开发与评估,限制了其泛化能力。为弥合这一差距,我们在真实建筑中部署了一个包含超过400个接入点(APs)的大规模基于CSI的定位系统,采用集成感知与通信(ISAC)范式。我们强调两个常被忽视的关键因素:未充分利用的无标签数据以及CSI测量的固有异质性。为此,提出一种面向大规模ISAC部署的新型服务器端学习框架。具体地,采用新颖的图结构建模异构CSI数据并降低冗余;设计结合时空先验的预训练任务,以高效利用大规模无标签数据;同时引入置信度感知微调策略,增强定位结果鲁棒性。在覆盖五层楼、总面积25,600平方米的留一手机外实验中,实现中位定位误差2.17米,楼层识别准确率99.49%,相较最优基线平均绝对误差(MAE)降低18.7%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In recent years, Channel State Information (CSI), recognized for its fine-grained spatial characteristics, has attracted increasing attention in WiFi-based indoor localization. However, despite its potential, CSI-based approaches have yet to achieve the same level of deployment scale and commercialization as those based on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). A key limitation lies in the fact that most existing CSI-based systems are developed and evaluated in controlled, small-scale environments, limiting their generalizability. To bridge this gap, we explore the deployment of a large-scale CSI-based localization system involving over 400 Access Points (APs) in a real-world building under the Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) paradigm. We highlight two critical yet often overlooked factors: the underutilization of unlabeled data and the inherent heterogeneity of CSI measurements. To address these challenges, we propose a novel CSI-based learning framework for WiFi localization, tailored for large-scale ISAC deployments on the server side. Specifically, we employ a novel graph-based structure to model heterogeneous CSI data and reduce redundancy. We further design a pretext pretraining task that incorporates spatial and temporal priors to effectively leverage large-scale unlabeled CSI data. Complementarily, we introduce a confidence-aware fine-tuning strategy to enhance the robustness of localization results. In a leave-one-smartphone-out experiment spanning five floors and 25, 600 m2, we achieve a median localization error of 2.17 meters and a floor accuracy of 99.49%. This performance corresponds to an 18.7% reduction in mean absolute error (MAE) compared to the best-performing baseline.

室内定位无线感知深度学习大模型

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