通过追踪预测置信度变化,区分难学的正确标签样本与错误标签。
Enhanced Sample Selection with Confidence Tracking: Identifying Correctly Labeled yet Hard-to-Learn Samples in Noisy Data
- 用置信度差距趋势替代损失值判断样本正确性。
- 在多个数据集上提升现有去噪方法的准确率和召回率。
- 适合处理真实场景中标签混乱的图像分类任务。
针对噪声标签下的图像分类,提出一种新型样本选择方法。现有方法通常将低损失样本视为正确标签,但部分正确标签样本因难以学习,早期训练时损失值可能与错误标签样本相似,导致基于损失阈值的选择存在精确率与召回率的权衡:低阈值漏选大量难学正确样本(召回率低),高阈值则混入更多错误样本(精确率低)。为解决此问题,本文提出通过分析模型对标注标签与其他类别的预测置信度差距随时间的变化趋势来区分正确标签且难学的样本。实证观察表明,只有正确标签样本的置信度增长速度会快于其他类别。基于此,我们使用曼-肯德尔检验评估置信度差距的趋势,若所有差距均呈上升趋势,则判定该样本可能为正确标签。本方法可作为即插即用模块集成至现有样本选择框架。在多个标准基准和真实数据集上的实验表明,该方法显著提升了现有噪声标签学习方法的性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We propose a novel sample selection method for image classification in the presence of noisy labels. Existing methods typically consider small-loss samples as correctly labeled. However, some correctly labeled samples are inherently difficult for the model to learn and can exhibit high loss similar to mislabeled samples in the early stages of training. Consequently, setting a threshold on per-sample loss to select correct labels results in a trade-off between precision and recall in sample selection: a lower threshold may miss many correctly labeled hard-to-learn samples (low recall), while a higher threshold may include many mislabeled samples (low precision). To address this issue, our goal is to accurately distinguish correctly labeled yet hard-to-learn samples from mislabeled ones, thus alleviating the trade-off dilemma. We achieve this by considering the trends in model prediction confidence rather than relying solely on loss values. Empirical observations show that only for correctly labeled samples, the model's prediction confidence for the annotated labels typically increases faster than for any other classes. Based on this insight, we propose tracking the confidence gaps between the annotated labels and other classes during training and evaluating their trends using the Mann-Kendall Test. A sample is considered potentially correctly labeled if all its confidence gaps tend to increase. Our method functions as a plug-and-play component that can be seamlessly integrated into existing sample selection techniques. Experiments on several standard benchmarks and real-world datasets demonstrate that our method enhances the performance of existing methods for learning with noisy labels.
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