arXiv:2504.17546stat.COcs.LG2025-04

解决多源数据分类难题,让模型自动选重点视图并高效训练。

An introduction to R package `mvs`

  • 分视图独立训练+加权融合,提升高维生物数据建模效果。
  • 支持多层堆叠、正则化与缺失值处理,适应复杂场景。
  • 适合生物医学研究者处理多模态数据,易用性强。

在生物医学研究中,对象常由来自不同数据源或模态的多组特征描述(即多视图数据)。传统机器学习方法忽略这种多视图结构,限制了模型可解释性与性能。R 包 `mvs` 提供基于多视图堆叠(MVS)框架的方法,用于构建多视图分类或预测模型。MVS 通过在每个视图上独立训练算法,利用交叉验证估计各视图模型的预测能力,再用另一算法为各视图模型分配权重。该方法属于集成学习,将大问题分解为多个小子问题,可并行求解,计算效率高;且子问题特征数远低于全视图学习,特别适用于特征数大于样本数的高维数据。即使子问题本身高维,也可通过添加正则项处理。此外,MVS 能自动选择对预测最关键的视图。`mvs` 包支持任意层数堆叠、不同惩罚项、不同结果分布,并提供多种缺失数据处理选项,实现灵活建模。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In biomedical science, a set of objects or persons can often be described by multiple distinct sets of features obtained from different data sources or modalities (called "multi-view data"). Classical machine learning methods ignore the multi-view structure of such data, limiting model interpretability and performance. The R package `mvs` provides methods that were designed specifically for dealing with multi-view data, based on the multi-view stacking (MVS) framework. MVS is a form of supervised (machine) learning used to train multi-view classification or prediction models. MVS works by training a learning algorithm on each view separately, estimating the predictive power of each view-specific model through cross-validation, and then using another learning algorithm to assign weights to the view-specific models based on their estimated predictions. MVS is a form of ensemble learning, dividing the large multi-view learning problem into smaller sub-problems. Most of these sub-problems can be solved in parallel, making it computationally attractive. Additionally, the number of features of the sub-problems is greatly reduced compared with the full multi-view learning problem. This makes MVS especially useful when the total number of features is larger than the number of observations (i.e., high-dimensional data). MVS can still be applied even if the sub-problems are themselves high-dimensional by adding suitable penalty terms to the learning algorithms. Furthermore, MVS can be used to automatically select the views which are most important for prediction. The R package `mvs` makes fitting MVS models, including such penalty terms, easily and openly accessible. `mvs` allows for the fitting of stacked models with any number of levels, with different penalty terms, different outcome distributions, and provides several options for missing data handling.

多视图学习R包生物信息集成模型

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