利用JPEG压缩的固定点特性，实现图像篡改可检测。
Tamper-evident Image using JPEG Fixed Points
- 通过分析JPEG压缩/解压流程，证明其存在可快速达到的固定点。
- 固定点图像视觉质量高，且在重复压缩后保持不变。
- 基于固定点差异检测篡改，适合数字取证与版权保护场景。
JPEG压缩的一个有趣现象已持续近二十年：反复进行压缩与解压操作后，图像会趋于稳定不再变化，这种状态称为固定点。本文首次严格证明了这一现象在核心JPEG处理流程中的存在性。通过分析压缩与解压过程，我们发现固定点可在数次迭代内达成，且形态多样，能有效保持图像的视觉质量，畸变极小。基于此，我们提出一种方法，从原始真实图像生成一个具有唯一固定点的防篡改图像。任何篡改行为都会导致图像偏离该固定点，从而被明确识别。该方法为数字图像的真实性验证提供了新思路。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
An intriguing phenomenon about JPEG compression has been observed since two decades ago- after repeating JPEG compression and decompression, it leads to a stable image that does not change anymore, which is a fixed point. In this work, we prove the existence of fixed points in the essential JPEG procedures. We analyze JPEG compression and decompression processes, revealing the existence of fixed points that can be reached within a few iterations. These fixed points are diverse and preserve the image's visual quality, ensuring minimal distortion. This result is used to develop a method to create a tamper-evident image from the original authentic image, which can expose tampering operations by showing deviations from the fixed point image.
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