arXiv:2504.19131cs.ROcs.HC2025-04被引 6

用AI生成3D模型,再用机器人组装成实物,突破传统打印局限。

Making Physical Objects with Generative AI and Robotic Assembly: Considering Fabrication Constraints, Sustainability, Time, Functionality, and Accessibility

  • 结合生成式AI与离散机器人装配,实现灵活可变的物理制造。
  • 提出五维评估框架,涵盖可制造性、时效、可持续性等关键因素。
  • 适合关注智能制造、可持续设计与人机协同的科研与工程人员。

3D生成式AI可快速从文本或图像生成3D模型,但将其转化为实体仍面临物理约束。现有研究多聚焦于提升生成模型的可制造性,以3D打印为主要方法。本文呼吁更广阔的视角,探讨制造方式如何匹配生成式AI的能力。以离散机器人装配与3D生成式AI结合的系统为例,我们总结出五个关键考量维度:1)可制造性:生成模型输出多样,需适配可变结构的制造方法;2)时间:生成仅需数秒,但物理制造可能耗时数小时至数天,更快的生产能缩短人机迭代周期;3)可持续性:数字世界可生成数千模型,但实体化将消耗大量资源,不可持续;4)功能性:生成式模型输出为数字产物,制造方式直接影响实物可用性;5)可及性:尽管生成式AI简化了建模,但制造设备门槛限制参与,降低包容性。这五个维度构成评估物理制造流程与生成式AI能力匹配度的框架。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

3D generative AI enables rapid and accessible creation of 3D models from text or image inputs. However, translating these outputs into physical objects remains a challenge due to the constraints in the physical world. Recent studies have focused on improving the capabilities of 3D generative AI to produce fabricable outputs, with 3D printing as the main fabrication method. However, this workshop paper calls for a broader perspective by considering how fabrication methods align with the capabilities of 3D generative AI. As a case study, we present a novel system using discrete robotic assembly and 3D generative AI to make physical objects. Through this work, we identified five key aspects to consider in a physical making process based on the capabilities of 3D generative AI. 1) Fabrication Constraints: Current text-to-3D models can generate a wide range of 3D designs, requiring fabrication methods that can adapt to the variability of generative AI outputs. 2) Time: While generative AI can generate 3D models in seconds, fabricating physical objects can take hours or even days. Faster production could enable a closer iterative design loop between humans and AI in the making process. 3) Sustainability: Although text-to-3D models can generate thousands of models in the digital world, extending this capability to the real world would be resource-intensive, unsustainable and irresponsible. 4) Functionality: Unlike digital outputs from 3D generative AI models, the fabrication method plays a crucial role in the usability of physical objects. 5) Accessibility: While generative AI simplifies 3D model creation, the need for fabrication equipment can limit participation, making AI-assisted creation less inclusive. These five key aspects provide a framework for assessing how well a physical making process aligns with the capabilities of 3D generative AI and values in the world.

生成式AI机器人装配可持续制造人机协同

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