arXiv:2504.19654cs.ROcs.AI2025-04被引 1

用GAN和强化学习提升2D激光雷达建图精度,解决传统方法噪声大问题。

Transformation & Translation Occupancy Grid Mapping: 2-Dimensional Deep Learning Refined SLAM

  • 融合3D SLAM的位姿估计与GAN修复,改善2D建图误差
  • 通过深度强化学习生成大规模训练数据,提升纠错能力
  • 实测在复杂环境表现优越,适合高精度地图构建

SLAM(同步定位与建图)是机器人系统的关键组件,提供环境地图、当前位置及历史轨迹。尽管近年3D LiDAR SLAM取得显著进展,2D SLAM仍滞后。里程计的渐进漂移和位姿估计不准确,在大型复杂环境中严重制约现代2D LiDAR-里程计算法。动态运动与基于估计的SLAM过程引入噪声与误差,降低地图质量。占用网格映射(OGM)结果常显模糊且噪声多,因其基于不确定观测构建地图。这使得OGM在探索或导航中广泛使用,但限制了其在复杂场景中创建精细平面图等任务的效果。为此,本文提出新型变换与平移占用网格映射(TT-OGM)。我们借鉴3D SLAM中的精确位姿估计技术并应用于2D领域,结合生成对抗网络(GAN)减少误差,提升地图质量。引入一种基于深度强化学习(DRL)的新数据生成方法,构建足够大的数据集以训练用于SLAM误差修正的GAN。我们在拉夫堡大学采集的真实数据上实现了实时运行,并在多个大型复杂环境中验证了其泛化能力,涵盖一系列知名的大规模2D占用地图数据集。所提方法显著优于现有算法,在地图质量、准确性和可靠性方面均有大幅提升。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

SLAM (Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping) is a crucial component for robotic systems, providing a map of an environment, the current location and previous trajectory of a robot. While 3D LiDAR SLAM has received notable improvements in recent years, 2D SLAM lags behind. Gradual drifts in odometry and pose estimation inaccuracies hinder modern 2D LiDAR-odometry algorithms in large complex environments. Dynamic robotic motion coupled with inherent estimation based SLAM processes introduce noise and errors, degrading map quality. Occupancy Grid Mapping (OGM) produces results that are often noisy and unclear. This is due to the fact that evidence based mapping represents maps according to uncertain observations. This is why OGMs are so popular in exploration or navigation tasks. However, this also limits OGMs' effectiveness for specific mapping based tasks such as floor plan creation in complex scenes. To address this, we propose our novel Transformation and Translation Occupancy Grid Mapping (TT-OGM). We adapt and enable accurate and robust pose estimation techniques from 3D SLAM to the world of 2D and mitigate errors to improve map quality using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). We introduce a novel data generation method via deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to build datasets large enough for training a GAN for SLAM error correction. We demonstrate our SLAM in real-time on data collected at Loughborough University. We also prove its generalisability on a variety of large complex environments on a collection of large scale well-known 2D occupancy maps. Our novel approach enables the creation of high quality OGMs in complex scenes, far surpassing the capabilities of current SLAM algorithms in terms of quality, accuracy and reliability.

SLAM占用网格GAN建图

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