提出可实时运行的四足机器人控制框架,确保运动稳定性与时间可预测性。
Feelbert: A Feedback Linearization-based Embedded Real-Time Quadrupedal Locomotion Framework
- 基于反馈线性化设计闭环控制律,用足端加速度而非受力作为控制变量。
- 采用虚拟轮概念计算步态参数,实现动态步态切换与精准轨迹跟踪。
- 纯C++实现无外部依赖,适用于嵌入式系统和ROS 2,支持实时部署。
四足机器人因其适应复杂不平地形的能力而广受欢迎。然而,现有运动控制框架普遍忽视控制器的时间可预测性。为此,本文提出Feelbert,一种模块化、面向嵌入式系统的硬实时四足运动控制框架。该框架采用反馈线性化技术,推导出适用于机器人任意构型的机体闭环控制律,其核心是以足端加速度为控制变量,而非估计的接触力。同时,提出一种基于虚轮概念的新算法,用于计算步态位置与时间参数,并设计启发式算法选择当前速度指令下的最优步态调度。整个框架使用纯C++编写,无第三方库依赖,无动态内存分配,以保障确定性与实时性能。实测表明,无论在ROS 2中集成或独立编译于Raspberry Pi 5上运行,Feelbert均表现出良好的参考轨迹跟踪能力与时间可预测性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quadruped robots have become quite popular for their ability to adapt their locomotion to generic uneven terrains. For this reason, over time, several frameworks for quadrupedal locomotion have been proposed, but with little attention to ensuring a predictable timing behavior of the controller. To address this issue, this work presents Feelbert, a modular control framework for quadrupedal locomotion suitable for execution on an embedded system under hard real-time execution constraints. It leverages the feedback linearization control technique to obtain a closed-form control law for the body, valid for all configurations of the robot. The control law was derived after defining an appropriate rigid body model that uses the accelerations of the feet as control variables, instead of the estimated contact forces. This work also provides a novel algorithm to compute footholds and gait temporal parameters using the concept of imaginary wheels, and a heuristic algorithm to select the best gait schedule for the current velocity commands. The proposed framework is developed entirely in C++, with no dependencies on third-party libraries and no dynamic memory allocation, to ensure predictability and real-time performance. Its implementation allows Feelbert to be both compiled and executed on an embedded system for critical applications, as well as integrated into larger systems such as Robot Operating System 2 (ROS 2). For this reason, Feelbert has been tested in both scenarios, demonstrating satisfactory results both in terms of reference tracking and temporal predictability, whether integrated into ROS 2 or compiled as a standalone application on a Raspberry Pi 5.
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