arXiv:2504.19981cs.LGcs.CL2025-04被引 10

用自动训练的推理评分模型,让大模型生成更准确且多样化的数学解题过程。

Accurate and Diverse LLM Mathematical Reasoning via Automated PRM-Guided GFlowNets

  • 用蒙特卡洛树搜索和相似性增强自动训练推理评分模型,评估每一步推理质量。
  • 基于评分模型改造生成流网络,在保持高准确率的同时提升解法多样性(如MATH Level 5提升2.59%)。
  • 无需人工标注,适合希望提升数学推理能力的模型开发者和研究者。

在数学等复杂领域,大语言模型同时实现高准确率与解题多样性仍具挑战,主要瓶颈在于缺乏低成本的中间推理步骤评估方法。为此,本文首次提出一种自动训练的流程奖励模型(PRM),结合蒙特卡洛树搜索与基于相似性的数据增强技术,有效捕捉步骤级推理质量。基于该PRM,我们将生成流网络(GFlowNets)适配至推理步骤层面,相较于传统强化学习仅优化单一奖励,GFlowNets能按奖励比例自然采样多样化且高质量的解法。实证表明,该方法在多个高难度数学基准上显著提升性能:如对Llama3.2-3B模型,MATH Level 5准确率提升2.59个百分点;在未见过的SAT MATH数据集上表现提升达9.4个百分点。此外,与现有开源奖励模型对比,本模型在推理质量对齐和下游生成引导方面更具一致性与有效性。结果证明,基于PRM指导的步骤级生成流网络,是构建更鲁棒、泛化能力强的数学推理系统的重要路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Achieving both accuracy and diverse reasoning remains challenging for Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex domains like mathematics. A key bottleneck is evaluating intermediate reasoning steps to guide generation without costly human annotations. To address this, we first introduce a novel Process Reward Model (PRM) trained automatically using Monte Carlo Tree Search coupled with a similarity-based data augmentation technique, effectively capturing step-level reasoning quality. Leveraging this PRM, we then adapt Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) to operate at the reasoning step level. Unlike traditional reinforcement learning focused on maximizing a single reward, GFlowNets naturally sample diverse, high-quality solutions proportional to their rewards, as measured by our PRM. Empirical evaluation shows strong improvements in both accuracy and solution diversity on challenging mathematical benchmarks (e.g., +2.59% absolute accuracy on MATH Level 5 for Llama3.2-3B), with effective generalization to unseen datasets (+9.4\% absolute on SAT MATH). Furthermore, we benchmark our PRM against existing open-source reward models, demonstrating superior alignment with reasoning quality and more consistent guidance for downstream generation. Our work demonstrates the potential of PRM-guided, step-level GFlowNets for developing more robust and versatile mathematical reasoning in LLMs.

数学推理生成流网络奖励模型

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