用两张X光图实现物体拐角三维定位,提速动态检测
Imaging on the Edge: Mapping Object Corners and Edges with Stereo X-ray Tomography
- 基于双视角X光投影,无需标记点即可重建拐角三维位置
- 在无真实标注数据下仍可准确映射拐角,误差低于2.1像素
- 适合工业部件形变分析,尤其适用于高速动态场景
X射线计算机断层扫描是生成体素图像的强大工具,通过大量低噪声投影图像构建三维(3D)结构。然而,获取足够数量的低噪声投影图像耗时较长,因此该技术在需要高时间分辨率的空间信息采集中(如动态过程研究)尚不适用。此前我们受立体视觉启发,开发了仅需两张投影图像的立体X射线成像方法,并已证明其能以显著更快的时间分辨率将点和线状参考标记映射至3D空间。本文在此基础上提出两项新贡献:首先,不再依赖内部参考标记,而是成功实现了对物体尖锐拐角的3D映射,该问题在测量受力下制造组件变形时具有重要意义;其次,展示了该方法在真实立体X射线数据上的应用能力,即使在缺乏先前机器学习方法所需的标注真实训练数据的情况下,也通过设计一个仅模拟真实数据关键特征的简单合成训练集实现有效建模。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
X-ray computed tomography is a powerful tool for volumetric imaging, where three-dimensional (3D) images are generated from a large number of individual X-ray projection images. Collecting the required number of low noise projection images is however time-consuming and so the technique is not currently applicable when spatial information needs to be collected with high temporal resolution, such as in the study of dynamic processes. In our previous work, inspired by stereo vision, we developed stereo X-ray imaging methods that operate with only two X-ray projection images. Previously we have shown how this allowed us to map point and line fiducial markers into 3D space at significantly faster temporal resolutions. In this paper, we make two further contributions. Firstly, instead of utilising internal fiducial markers, we demonstrate the applicability of the method to the 3D mapping of sharp object corners, a problem of interest in measuring the deformation of manufactured components under different loads. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the approach can be applied to real stereo X-ray data, even in settings where we do not have the annotated real training data that was required for the training of our previous Machine Learning approach. This is achieved by substituting the real data with a relatively simple synthetic training dataset designed to mimic key aspects of the real data.
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