arXiv:2504.20903cs.MAcs.AI2025-04被引 6

研究人机协作中任务分配与顺序,发现高效组合并非让AI先行。

When Should AI Follow? Task Structure and Joint Adaptation by Human and AI Agents

  • 区分人类短期记忆与AI均匀记忆两种适应机制
  • 高绩效人类引导下,AI后续统一更新可最大化整体表现
  • 低绩效人类启动时,随机搜索能挽救失败序列

组织如何划分和排序人机决策任务?我们构建了一个双代理顺序适应的计算模型,二者仅在记忆机制上不同:人类受行为学启发采用近期偏好记忆,算法则基于尺度不变性采用均匀记忆。模型在模块化与序列化任务结构中,调节任务规模(N)、任务内耦合度(K)与跨代理耦合度(C)。三类机制主导结果:第一,阈值动态形成高/低收益吸收态,适应性会强化初始状态;第二,均匀记忆放大轨迹趋势,而近期加权虽局部修正但全局易波动;第三,无记忆随机适应平均表现较差,但在继承差轨迹时可作为逃逸机制。因此,联合性能最优并非普遍推行的“AI先行”,而是让具有高绩效的人类先行动,随后由具备尺度不变性的算法跟进;反之,低绩效人类发起的任务则需依赖广泛随机搜索来挽救。该模型及其实验验证为组织设计人机协作提供情境化逻辑,并警示避免对AI先行的普适性推崇。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

How should organizations divide and sequence decision tasks between human and artificial agents? We develop a computational model of joint sequential adaptation in which two agents differ in a single, precisely specified way: the memory regime governing how past decisions shape subsequent ones. A recency-weighted regime, motivated by behavioral evidence on human adaptation, privileges recent outcomes; a uniform-memory regime, motivated by the scale-free consistency of algorithmic updating, weights a window of past outcomes equally. Situated in the lineage of NK/NKC models but developed on its own terms as a sequential-adaptation model, the framework varies task scope (N), within-task coupling (K), and cross-agent coupling (C) across modular and sequenced task structures. Three mechanisms organize the results. First, threshold dynamics create absorbing high- and low-payoff regimes, so adaptation compounds whatever it inherits. Second, uniform memory amplifies inherited trajectories, for good and for ill, whereas recency weighting corrects locally but is volatile at scale. Third, memoryless stochastic adaptation, though inferior on average, functions as an escape mechanism when inherited trajectories are poor. Consequently, joint performance is maximized not by the prevalent "AI-first" design, but when scale-free adaptation follows a high-performing human; broad stochastic search instead rescues sequences initiated by low-performing humans. The model and its experimental validation (a separate study) offer organization designers a task-structural contingency logic for human-AI collaboration and caution against universal prescriptions for AI-first deployment.

人机协作任务分配决策模型

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