arXiv:2504.21054cs.CRcs.AI2025-04被引 7

提出新型无标签后门攻击,可同时针对多个类别且隐蔽性强。

FFCBA: Feature-based Full-target Clean-label Backdoor Attacks

  • 基于特征生成触发器,实现无标签多目标攻击
  • 在多个数据集上攻击成功率超90%,防御检测率低于10%
  • 适合研究模型安全与防御机制的人员参考

后门攻击对深度神经网络构成严重威胁,被植入后门的模型会在包含特定触发器的样本上误分类为指定类别,而对干净样本保持正常表现。现有多种目标后门攻击多采用脏标签范式,需高污染率且易被人工发现。相比之下,无标签攻击更隐蔽,但通常难以稳定实现多目标攻击。为此,本文提出特征型全目标无标签后门攻击(FFCBA),包含两种范式:特征扩展攻击(FSBA)和特征迁移攻击(FMBA)。FSBA利用类条件自编码器生成与原类别特征一致的噪声触发器,保证触发器的有效性、类内一致性、类间特异性及自然特征相关性;该方法快速高效,但跨模型攻击能力较弱。FMBA通过两阶段类条件自编码器训练,交替使用类外与类内样本,生成具有强目标类别特征的触发器,显著提升跨模型攻击效果。在多个数据集与模型上的实验表明,FFCBA在攻击成功率超过90%的同时,对主流防御方法的鲁棒性优于现有方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to deep neural networks, as backdoored models would misclassify poisoned samples with specific triggers into target classes while maintaining normal performance on clean samples. Among these, multi-target backdoor attacks can simultaneously target multiple classes. However, existing multi-target backdoor attacks all follow the dirty-label paradigm, where poisoned samples are mislabeled, and most of them require an extremely high poisoning rate. This makes them easily detectable by manual inspection. In contrast, clean-label attacks are more stealthy, as they avoid modifying the labels of poisoned samples. However, they generally struggle to achieve stable and satisfactory attack performance and often fail to scale effectively to multi-target attacks. To address this issue, we propose the Feature-based Full-target Clean-label Backdoor Attacks (FFCBA) which consists of two paradigms: Feature-Spanning Backdoor Attacks (FSBA) and Feature-Migrating Backdoor Attacks (FMBA). FSBA leverages class-conditional autoencoders to generate noise triggers that align perturbed in-class samples with the original category's features, ensuring the effectiveness, intra-class consistency, inter-class specificity and natural-feature correlation of triggers. While FSBA supports swift and efficient attacks, its cross-model attack capability is relatively weak. FMBA employs a two-stage class-conditional autoencoder training process that alternates between using out-of-class samples and in-class samples. This allows FMBA to generate triggers with strong target-class features, making it highly effective for cross-model attacks. We conduct experiments on multiple datasets and models, the results show that FFCBA achieves outstanding attack performance and maintains desirable robustness against the state-of-the-art backdoor defenses.

后门攻击无标签攻击多目标模型安全

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