用阶梯板设计新型超声扬声器，实现定向发声。
Design, analysis, and experimental validation of a stepped plate parametric array loudspeaker
- 用单个压电换能器驱动阶梯板产生定向音频。
- 实测验证了其指向性好、低频性能优的特性。
- 适合需要精准声场控制的工业与展览场景。
本研究探讨了一种阶梯板参数阵列扬声器（SPPAL）的设计与分析，作为传统阵列式参数扬声器的替代方案。SPPAL采用单个朗之万型超声换能器耦合弯曲振动阶梯板，通过非线性声学效应生成窄束可听声。为评估和优化性能，构建了集成建模框架，包括用于换能器动力学的近似解析三维模型、将阶梯板与刚性活塞行为关联的等效比公式，以及用于非线性声场仿真的球面波展开方法。通过多目标分析优化换能器双共振特性，提升低频音频表现。实验验证包含换能器频率响应与模态分析，以及声场测量。解析方法经与实验数据对比得到验证。同时发现组合共振——由互调产生的非预期结构激励——是SPPAL运行中的固有现象。研究成果为高效、紧凑且可制造的板式弯曲振动参数阵列扬声器提供了实用指导。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This study investigates the design and analysis of a stepped plate parametric array loudspeaker (SPPAL) as an alternative to conventional array-based parametric loudspeakers. The SPPAL utilizes a single Langevin-type ultrasonic transducer coupled with a flexural stepped plate to generate narrow-beam audible sound via nonlinear acoustic interaction. To evaluate and optimize the performance of the SPPAL, an integrated modeling framework is developed, consisting of an approximate analytical 3D model for transducer dynamics, an equivalence ratio formulation to relate stepped plate and rigid piston behavior, and a spherical wave expansion method for nonlinear sound field simulation. The dual-resonance behavior of the transducer is optimized through multi-objective analysis to enhance low-frequency audio performance. Experimental validation includes frequency response and modal analysis of the transducer, as well as sound field measurements. The analytical methods are further verified through comparison with experimental data. Furthermore, combination resonance--an unintended structural excitation resulting from intermodulation--is identified as an inherent phenomenon in SPPAL operation. The findings offer practical guidance for the development of efficient, compact, and manufacturable parametric array loudspeakers employing plate-based flexural vibration.
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