arXiv:2504.21186cs.LG2025-04被引 2

用图基础模型实现零样本图数据异常检测,不需标注数据也能精准识别异常节点。

GLIP-OOD: Zero-Shot Graph OOD Detection with Graph Foundation Model

  • 利用图基础模型,仅凭类别名称实现零样本图异常检测。
  • 在四个文本属性图数据集上表现媲美有监督方法。
  • 通过大模型生成伪异常标签,适用于真实无标签场景。

分布外(OOD)检测对保障机器学习系统在动态开放环境中的安全与可靠性至关重要。在视觉和文本领域,借助大规模预训练模型(如视觉语言模型和大语言模型),零样本OOD检测已取得显著进展。然而,图结构数据的零样本OOD检测仍基本未被探索,主要受限于复杂关系结构及缺乏强大的大规模预训练图模型。本文首次提出基于图基础模型(GFM)的零样本图OOD检测方法。实验表明,仅提供ID与OOD类别的名称,该模型即可有效进行检测,性能常优于依赖大量标注节点的现有监督方法。针对实际中无法获得OOD标签名的问题,我们提出GLIP-OOD框架,利用大语言模型从无标签数据生成语义丰富的伪OOD标签,使GFM更好区分ID与OOD类别,实现全零样本节点级检测。该方法在四个基准文本属性图数据集上达到与先进监督方法相当的性能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the safety and reliability of machine learning systems, particularly in dynamic and open-world environments. In the vision and text domains, zero-shot OOD detection - which requires no training on in-distribution (ID) data - has advanced significantly through the use of large-scale pretrained models, such as vision-language models (VLMs) and large language models (LLMs). However, zero-shot OOD detection in graph-structured data remains largely unexplored, primarily due to the challenges posed by complex relational structures and the absence of powerful, large-scale pretrained models for graphs. In this work, we take the first step toward enabling zero-shot graph OOD detection by leveraging a graph foundation model (GFM). Our experiments show that, when provided only with class label names for both ID and OOD categories, the GFM can effectively perform OOD detection - often surpassing existing "supervised" OOD detection methods that rely on extensive labeled node data. We further address the practical scenario in which OOD label names are not available in real-world settings by introducing GLIP-OOD, a framework that uses LLMs to generate semantically informative pseudo-OOD labels from unlabeled data. These generated OOD labels allow the GFM to better separate ID and OOD classes, facilitating more precise OOD detection - all without any labeled nodes (only ID label names). To our knowledge, this is the first approach to achieve node-level graph OOD detection in a fully zero-shot setting, and it attains performance comparable to state-of-the-art supervised methods on four benchmark text-attributed graph datasets.

图神经网络异常检测零样本学习大模型应用

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