arXiv:2504.21190cs.LGcs.AI2025-04被引 8

用轻量适配器+稀疏专家路由,实现高效多任务大模型推理。

TT-LoRA MoE: Unifying Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning and Sparse Mixture-of-Experts

  • 分两阶段训练:先独立训轻量专家,再单独训路由选择器。
  • 仅用0.03%参数量,多任务性能比AdapterFusion高4分。
  • 适合资源受限场景下的可扩展多任务部署。

我们提出张量训练低秩适配器混合专家(TT-LoRA MoE),一种将参数高效微调(PEFT)与稀疏混合专家(MoE)路由结合的新框架,以应对大模型部署中的可扩展性挑战。与传统MoE方法不同,随着专家数量增加导致计算开销显著上升的问题,TT-LoRA MoE将训练过程分解为两个独立优化阶段。首先,我们独立训练一系列轻量级、张量化的低秩适配器(TT-LoRA专家),每个专家专用于特定任务;随后,这些专家适配器被冻结,避免多任务设置下任务间干扰和灾难性遗忘。一个独立训练的稀疏MoE路由器,利用基础模型表示动态选择每个输入对应的单一专用适配器,实现无需显式指定任务的自动化专家选择。全面实验表明,该架构保持了低秩适配器的内存效率,可无缝扩展至大规模专家池,并实现稳健的任务级优化。这种结构化解耦显著提升了计算效率与灵活性:仅需2%的LoRA、0.3%的Adapters和0.03%的AdapterFusion参数,且在多任务场景下性能优于AdapterFusion 4分,支持实际、可扩展的多任务推理部署。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We propose Tensor-Trained Low-Rank Adaptation Mixture of Experts (TT-LoRA MoE), a novel computational framework integrating Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) with sparse MoE routing to address scalability challenges in large model deployments. Unlike traditional MoE approaches, which face substantial computational overhead as expert counts grow, TT-LoRA MoE decomposes training into two distinct, optimized stages. First, we independently train lightweight, tensorized low-rank adapters (TT-LoRA experts), each specialized for specific tasks. Subsequently, these expert adapters remain frozen, eliminating inter-task interference and catastrophic forgetting in multi-task setting. A sparse MoE router, trained separately, dynamically leverages base model representations to select exactly one specialized adapter per input at inference time, automating expert selection without explicit task specification. Comprehensive experiments confirm our architecture retains the memory efficiency of low-rank adapters, seamlessly scales to large expert pools, and achieves robust task-level optimization. This structured decoupling significantly enhances computational efficiency and flexibility: uses only 2% of LoRA, 0.3% of Adapters and 0.03% of AdapterFusion parameters and outperforms AdapterFusion by 4 value in multi-tasking, enabling practical and scalable multi-task inference deployments.

参数高效混合专家多任务学习轻量化

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