arXiv:2504.21243eess.SYcs.LG2025-04中稿 · Applied Energy被引 10

用神经算子学习替代高耗时仿真,实现教室通风的节能精准控制。

Operator learning for energy-efficient building ventilation control with computational fluid dynamics simulation of a real-world classroom

  • 构建神经算子框架,学习通风口开度与风场的映射关系。
  • 相比传统方法节能超30%,且全程满足空气质量安全标准。
  • 适合需高精度流体模拟但又追求实时控制的智能建筑场景。

节能通风控制在降低建筑能耗的同时保障人员健康与舒适至关重要。虽然计算流体动力学(CFD)能提供高保真的室内气流模拟,但其高计算成本限制了实时控制应用。本文提出一种神经算子学习框架,融合CFD的物理准确性与机器学习的计算效率,实现基于高保真流体模型的建筑通风控制。方法联合优化送风量与通风口角度,在降低能耗的同时满足空气质量约束。利用高分辨率CFD数据训练一组神经算子变换器模型,学习控制动作到气流场的映射关系。该学习得到的神经算子被嵌入基于优化的控制框架中。实验表明,本方法在能耗上显著优于最大风量控制、规则控制及基于空间平均CO2预测或深度学习降阶模型的数据驱动方法,同时始终维持安全的室内空气质量。结果验证了该方法在真实建筑中实现能效与空气品质协同优化的实用性与可扩展性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Energy-efficient ventilation control plays a vital role in reducing building energy consumption while ensuring occupant health and comfort. While Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations provide detailed and physically accurate representation of indoor airflow, their high computational cost limits their use in real-time building control. In this work, we present a neural operator learning framework that combines the physical accuracy of CFD with the computational efficiency of machine learning to enable building ventilation control with the high-fidelity fluid dynamics models. Our method jointly optimizes the airflow supply rates and vent angles to reduce energy use and adhere to air quality constraints. We train an ensemble of neural operator transformer models to learn the mapping from building control actions to airflow fields using high-resolution CFD data. This learned neural operator is then embedded in an optimization-based control framework for building ventilation control. Experimental results show that our approach achieves significant energy savings compared to maximum airflow rate control, rule-based control, as well as data-driven control methods using spatially averaged CO2 prediction and deep learning based reduced order model, while consistently maintaining safe indoor air quality. These results highlight the practicality and scalability of our method in maintaining energy efficiency and indoor air quality in real-world buildings.

神经算子智能建筑节能控制流体模拟

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