arXiv:2504.21565cs.LGcs.AI2025-04被引 2

通过预测模型参数变化,实现无需新数据的AI自适应,提升医疗场景下模型稳定性。

Towards proactive self-adaptive AI for non-stationary environments with dataset shifts

  • 用多项式样条建模参数随时间变化轨迹,实现短期预测。
  • 在模拟与墨西哥新冠数据上,性能优于固定训练模型,且不依赖新数据。
  • 适合医疗等数据难更新、环境动态变化的场景,兼顾数据安全。

部署在生产环境中的人工智能模型常面临非平稳环境下的性能下降问题,尤其在医疗领域,时间性数据分布偏移频繁发生。当训练数据分布与部署时的数据分布随时间变化时,模型性能会退化。同时,由于数据访问限制,难以及时获取新的标注数据用于持续训练。为此,我们提出一种主动自适应人工智能方法(pro-adaptive),通过建模模型参数的时间轨迹,实现对短期参数值的预测。采用可扩展的函数数据分析框架,以多项式样条基表示参数演化路径。我们在逻辑回归模型上验证了该方法在先验概率偏移、协变量偏移和概念偏移下的有效性,实验基于受控模拟数据集及2020至2024年间墨西哥公开的新冠真实数据集,结果表明,该方法在无更新训练数据条件下,性能优于不同时间点训练的基准稳定模型。本研究为应对动态非平稳环境的主动自适应AI提供了基础,适用于数据保护要求高的医疗等高韧性生产环境。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) models deployed in production frequently face challenges in maintaining their performance in non-stationary environments. This issue is particularly noticeable in medical settings, where temporal dataset shifts often occur. These shifts arise when the distributions of training data differ from those of the data encountered during deployment over time. Further, new labeled data to continuously retrain AI is not typically available in a timely manner due to data access limitations. To address these challenges, we propose a proactive self-adaptive AI approach, or pro-adaptive, where we model the temporal trajectory of AI parameters, allowing us to short-term forecast parameter values. To this end, we use polynomial spline bases, within an extensible Functional Data Analysis framework. We validate our methodology with a logistic regression model addressing prior probability shift, covariate shift, and concept shift. This validation is conducted on both a controlled simulated dataset and a publicly available real-world COVID-19 dataset from Mexico, with various shifts occurring between 2020 and 2024. Our results indicate that this approach enhances the performance of AI against shifts compared to baseline stable models trained at different time distances from the present, without requiring updated training data. This work lays the foundation for pro-adaptive AI research against dynamic, non-stationary environments, being compatible with data protection, in resilient AI production environments for health.

自适应AI数据偏移医疗AI函数数据分析

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