计算系统无法解释符号锚定，因为意义既不能凭空产生，也不能被无意义符号生成。
Symbol grounding in computational systems: A paradox of intentions
- 若符号有语义，系统需预先具备语义，陷入语义先天论
- 若符号无意义，无法触发意向性过程，故无法实现符号锚定
- 揭示计算主义在符号意义问题上的根本矛盾，适合哲学与认知科学读者
本文揭示计算系统的一个悖论：若心智是数字计算机，其运算要么基于有意义符号，要么基于无意义符号。若基于有意义符号，则系统必须预先存在语义，即暗示语义先天论；若基于无意义符号，则缺乏意向性认知过程，无法启动符号锚定。因此，无论符号是否有意义，计算主义都导向语义先天论，表明其无法解释符号锚定的机制。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The paper presents a paradoxical feature of computational systems that suggests that computationalism cannot explain symbol grounding. If the mind is a digital computer, as computationalism claims, then it can be computing either over meaningful symbols or over meaningless symbols. If it is computing over meaningful symbols its functioning presupposes the existence of meaningful symbols in the system, i.e. it implies semantic nativism. If the mind is computing over meaningless symbols, no intentional cognitive processes are available prior to symbol grounding. In this case, no symbol grounding could take place since any grounding presupposes intentional cognitive processes. So, whether computing in the mind is over meaningless or over meaningful symbols, computationalism implies semantic nativism.
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