解决机械臂奇异点处运动失控问题,实现平滑安全的逆运动控制。
J-PARSE: Jacobian-based Projection Algorithm for Resolving Singularities Effectively in Inverse Kinematic Control of Serial Manipulators
- 基于雅可比矩阵重构安全映射,保持运动灵活性阈值
- 将指令分解为非奇异与奇异方向并动态缩放,避免失控
- 适用于遥操作、视觉伺服及强化学习场景
J-PARSE 是一种用于串式机械臂在运动奇异点附近进行一阶逆运动学控制的算法。通过构建保持可操作性椭球长宽比高于阈值的替代‘安全’雅可比矩阵,将末端执行器期望速度按任务空间各维度的可用运动性分量解析。随后,将期望运动投影至非奇异和奇异方向,并对后者按阈值信息缩放。应用该非奇异安全雅可比的右逆,实现修正后的指令控制。在无关节限位与碰撞情况下,该方法可确保低秩构型内外的目标姿态稳定收敛,且保证渐近稳定性。在文献对比中,该方法在进入和离开奇异目标姿态时均表现出高精度。通过扩展机械臂有效工作空间,该算法可用于遥操作、伺服控制与强化学习。视频与代码见 https://jparse-manip.github.io/。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
J-PARSE is an algorithm for smooth first-order inverse kinematic control of a serial manipulator near kinematic singularities. The commanded end-effector velocity is interpreted component-wise, according to the available mobility in each dimension of the task space. First, a substitute "Safety" Jacobian matrix is created, keeping the aspect ratio of the manipulability ellipsoid above a threshold value. The desired motion is then projected onto non-singular and singular directions, and the latter projection scaled down by a factor informed by the threshold value. A right-inverse of the non-singular Safety Jacobian is applied to the modified command. In the absence of joint limits and collisions, this ensures safe transition into and out of low-rank configurations, guaranteeing asymptotic stability for reaching target poses within the workspace, and stability for those outside. Velocity control with J-PARSE is benchmarked against approaches from the literature, and shows high accuracy in reaching and leaving singular target poses. By expanding the available workspace of manipulators, the algorithm finds applications in teleoperation, servoing, and learning. Videos and code are available at https://jparse-manip.github.io/.
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