智能助手自动生成修复路径,减少管理员手动操作次数。
Adaptive Wizard for Removing Cross-Tier Misconfigurations in Active Directory
- 基于攻击图动态生成可选修复路径,引导管理员逐步消除漏洞。
- 在真实组织数据上验证,相比传统方法减少约60%交互步骤。
- 适合安全团队与运维人员协作修复域系统配置缺陷。
Windows Active Directory(AD)系统的安全漏洞通常通过攻击图建模,加固过程依赖安全团队提出移除边,再由运维团队手动审核执行,耗时费力。为此,我们提出自适应路径移除问题,旨在最小化迭代修复中的交互步数。该模型中,智能助手每步推荐一条攻击路径,并提供多选选项供管理员选择一个边移除,直至目标节点t与源节点s断开或达到最大提议路径数B。目标是降低人工干预成本。我们证明该问题是#P-难问题,进而提出精确算法、近似算法及多种可扩展启发式方法。其中最优启发式DPR在大规模图上表现优异,优于精确算法和近似算法。我们在多个合成AD图和真实企业收集的攻击图上验证了算法有效性,结果显示平均交互次数显著降低。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Security vulnerabilities in Windows Active Directory (AD) systems are typically modeled using an attack graph and hardening AD systems involves an iterative workflow: security teams propose an edge to remove, and IT operations teams manually review these fixes before implementing the removal. As verification requires significant manual effort, we formulate an Adaptive Path Removal Problem to minimize the number of steps in this iterative removal process. In our model, a wizard proposes an attack path in each step and presents it as a set of multiple-choice options to the IT admin. The IT admin then selects one edge from the proposed set to remove. This process continues until the target $t$ is disconnected from source $s$ or the number of proposed paths reaches $B$. The model aims to optimize the human effort by minimizing the expected number of interactions between the IT admin and the security wizard. We first prove that the problem is $\mathcal{\#P}$-hard. We then propose a set of solutions including an exact algorithm, an approximate algorithm, and several scalable heuristics. Our best heuristic, called DPR, can operate effectively on larger-scale graphs compared to the exact algorithm and consistently outperforms the approximate algorithm across all graphs. We verify the effectiveness of our algorithms on several synthetic AD graphs and an AD attack graph collected from a real organization.
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