MTP通过张量采样生成多样平滑轨迹,提升机器人控制探索能力。
Model Tensor Planning
- 基于随机分块图的张量采样,结合B样条与Akima样条插值生成平滑轨迹。
- 在多种任务中成功率显著高于标准MPC与进化策略基线。
- 支持实时控制与在线域随机化,适合复杂机器人任务的鲁棒规划。
基于采样的模型预测控制(MPC)在非线性及接触丰富的机器人任务中表现优异,但常因局部贪婪的采样策略导致探索不足。本文提出新型采样式MPC框架——模型张量规划(Model Tensor Planning, MTP),通过结构化张量采样实现高熵控制轨迹生成。在随机分块图上采样,并利用B样条和Akima样条插值生成平滑、全局多样的控制候选。进一步提出简单的β-混合策略,在改进的交叉熵方法(CEM)更新中融合局部探索与全局探索样本,平衡控制优化与探索。理论上,当张量深度与宽度趋于无穷时,MTP可实现渐近路径覆盖与控制轨迹空间的最大熵。实现上采用JAX全向量化,兼容MuJoCo XLA,支持即时编译(JIT)与批量仿真,实现在线域随机化的实时控制。在从灵巧手操作到人形机器人行走等多种挑战性任务中,实验表明MTP在任务成功率与控制鲁棒性上均优于标准MPC与进化策略基线。设计与敏感性消融验证了张量采样结构、样条选择与混合策略的有效性。整体上,MTP为基于模型的规划与控制提供了可扩展的鲁棒探索框架。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Sampling-based model predictive control (MPC) offers strong performance in nonlinear and contact-rich robotic tasks, yet often suffers from poor exploration due to locally greedy sampling schemes. We propose \emph{Model Tensor Planning} (MTP), a novel sampling-based MPC framework that introduces high-entropy control trajectory generation through structured tensor sampling. By sampling over randomized multipartite graphs and interpolating control trajectories with B-splines and Akima splines, MTP ensures smooth and globally diverse control candidates. We further propose a simple $β$-mixing strategy that blends local exploitative and global exploratory samples within the modified Cross-Entropy Method (CEM) update, balancing control refinement and exploration. Theoretically, we show that MTP achieves asymptotic path coverage and maximum entropy in the control trajectory space in the limit of infinite tensor depth and width. Our implementation is fully vectorized using JAX and compatible with MuJoCo XLA, supporting \emph{Just-in-time} (JIT) compilation and batched rollouts for real-time control with online domain randomization. Through experiments on various challenging robotic tasks, ranging from dexterous in-hand manipulation to humanoid locomotion, we demonstrate that MTP outperforms standard MPC and evolutionary strategy baselines in task success and control robustness. Design and sensitivity ablations confirm the effectiveness of MTP tensor sampling structure, spline interpolation choices, and mixing strategy. Altogether, MTP offers a scalable framework for robust exploration in model-based planning and control.
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