arXiv:2505.01068cs.CLcs.AI2025-05ACL被引 9

将多模态变换器重构为分层异构图,实现高效融合。

Multimodal Transformers are Hierarchical Modal-wise Heterogeneous Graphs

论文配图:Multimodal Transformers are Hierarchical Modal-wise Heterogeneous Graphs
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 把多模态变换器看作分层异构图,统一建模框架。
  • 参数量仅为纯变换器的1/3,仍保持更高性能。
  • 适合追求效率与精度平衡的多模态研究者。

多模态情感分析(MSA)通过融合多种模态信息识别情感,现有模型在该领域进展显著。核心挑战在于多模态融合,主流方法是多模态变换器(MulTs),但存在效率问题。本文从效率优化视角出发,首次证明MulTs本质上是分层模态异构图(HMHGs),并提出其图结构表征形式。基于此,设计了交错掩码(IM)机制,构建图结构交错掩码多模态变换器(GsiT)。GsiT在形式上等价于MulTs,通过IM实现高效权重共享,避免信息错乱,支持全模态一体融合,参数量仅为纯MulTs的1/3。配套开发了Triton内核“Decomposition”,确保无额外计算开销。实验表明,GsiT性能显著优于传统MulTs。进一步将GsiT与多个前沿模型结合,在常用MSA数据集上均实现显著性能提升和参数压缩。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA) is a rapidly developing field that integrates multimodal information to recognize sentiments, and existing models have made significant progress in this area. The central challenge in MSA is multimodal fusion, which is predominantly addressed by Multimodal Transformers (MulTs). Although act as the paradigm, MulTs suffer from efficiency concerns. In this work, from the perspective of efficiency optimization, we propose and prove that MulTs are hierarchical modal-wise heterogeneous graphs (HMHGs), and we introduce the graph-structured representation pattern of MulTs. Based on this pattern, we propose an Interlaced Mask (IM) mechanism to design the Graph-Structured and Interlaced-Masked Multimodal Transformer (GsiT). It is formally equivalent to MulTs which achieves an efficient weight-sharing mechanism without information disorder through IM, enabling All-Modal-In-One fusion with only 1/3 of the parameters of pure MulTs. A Triton kernel called Decomposition is implemented to ensure avoiding additional computational overhead. Moreover, it achieves significantly higher performance than traditional MulTs. To further validate the effectiveness of GsiT itself and the HMHG concept, we integrate them into multiple state-of-the-art models and demonstrate notable performance improvements and parameter reduction on widely used MSA datasets.

多模态变换器图神经网络高效模型

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