Waymo自动驾驶在5670万英里测试中，多数事故类型事故率显著低于人类驾驶基准。
Comparison of Waymo Rider-Only Crash Rates by Crash Type to Human Benchmarks at 56.7 Million Miles
- 对比5670万英里行驶数据，按事故类型分析自动驾驶与人类驾驶表现。
- 交叉口车辆碰撞事故减少96%，严重受伤以上事故减少91%。
- 首次对无驾驶员系统做分类型事故率统计评估，适合关注自动驾驶安全者阅读。
SAE Level 4自动驾驶系统已在公共道路部署，包括Waymo的无驾驶员（Rider-Only）网约车服务。本研究回顾性评估了Waymo RO系统在56.7百万英里行驶中的事故率，并与人类驾驶基准进行对比，按11类常见事故类型细分。人类基准匹配了相同车型、道路类型和地理位置。事故数据来自NHTSA通用指令（SGO），里程由公司公开提供。分析了含伤报告、气囊弹出及疑似严重伤害+三类结果，因它们曾作为可进行统计检验的安全指标。结果显示，在所有事故类别中，含伤报告、气囊弹出及疑似严重伤害+事故的车辆事故率均显著低于基准；其中，车辆-车辆交叉口事故减少96%（87%-99%置信区间），气囊弹出事故减少91%（76%-98%置信区间）。行人、骑车人、摩托车手、二次碰撞及单车事故也均显著减少。所有11类事故中均未发现统计上显著的负面效应。本研究是首个对无驾驶员自动驾驶系统进行分类型事故率统计分析的回溯性安全评估。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
SAE Level 4 Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) are deployed on public roads, including Waymo's Rider-Only (RO) ride-hailing service (without a driver behind the steering wheel). The objective of this study was to perform a retrospective safety assessment of Waymo's RO crash rate compared to human benchmarks, including disaggregated by crash type. Eleven crash type groups were identified from commonly relied upon crash typologies that are derived from human crash databases. Human benchmarks were aligned to the same vehicle types, road types, and locations as where the Waymo Driver operated. Waymo crashes were extracted from the NHTSA Standing General Order (SGO). RO mileage was provided by the company via a public website. Any-injury-reported, Airbag Deployment, and Suspected Serious Injury+ crash outcomes were examined because they represented previously established, safety-relevant benchmarks where statistical testing could be performed at the current mileage. Data was examined over 56.7 million RO miles through the end of January 2025, resulting in a statistically significant lower crashed vehicle rate for all crashes compared to the benchmarks in Any-Injury-Reported and Airbag Deployment, and Suspected Serious Injury+ crashes. Of the crash types, V2V Intersection crash events represented the largest total crash reduction, with a 96% reduction in Any-injury-reported (87%-99% CI) and a 91% reduction in Airbag Deployment (76%-98% CI) events. Cyclist, Motorcycle, Pedestrian, Secondary Crash, and Single Vehicle crashes were also statistically reduced for the Any-Injury-Reported outcome. There was no statistically significant disbenefit found in any of the 11 crash type groups. This study represents the first retrospective safety assessment of an RO ADS that made statistical conclusions about more serious crash outcomes and analyzed crash rates on a crash type basis.
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