无需电池的自供能光传感器，靠光照唤醒并发送光强信号。
Cricket: A Self-Powered Chirping Pixel
- 光照供电，休眠待机，能量达标即发送射频脉冲。
- 脉冲间隔反映光照强度，频率固定代表设备身份。
- 可微型化用于太阳能追踪、无绳传感阵列与自适应眼镜。
我们提出一种无需外部电源或电池的传感器——cricket，它能感知光照并无线传输测量结果。cricket 通过吸收入射光获取能量，大部分时间处于休眠状态，当积累的能量达到阈值时，会发送一个短而强的射频脉冲。每个 cricket 的载波频率固定，用于标识身份；连续脉冲间的间隔则反映入射光强。我们表征了 cricket 的辐射响应函数、信噪比和动态范围。实验验证了其可微型化，代价是脉冲间隔变长。我们展示了在立方体每侧部署 cricket 可估算复杂光照的质心，适用于太阳能追踪等场景。此外，我们演示了使用 crickets 构建无绳传感器阵列以生成视频，并用于节能照明控制。最后，我们将电路改进为无电池电子太阳镜，能即时响应环境光照变化。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We present a sensor that can measure light and wirelessly communicate the measurement, without the need for an external power source or a battery. Our sensor, called cricket, harvests energy from incident light. It is asleep for most of the time and transmits a short and strong radio frequency chirp when its harvested energy reaches a specific level. The carrier frequency of each cricket is fixed and reveals its identity, and the duration between consecutive chirps is a measure of the incident light level. We have characterized the radiometric response function, signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range of cricket. We have experimentally verified that cricket can be miniaturized at the expense of increasing the duration between chirps. We show that a cube with a cricket on each of its sides can be used to estimate the centroid of any complex illumination, which has value in applications such as solar tracking. We also demonstrate the use of crickets for creating untethered sensor arrays that can produce video and control lighting for energy conservation. Finally, we modified cricket's circuit to develop battery-free electronic sunglasses that can instantly adapt to environmental illumination.
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