提出接触信任区域,让机器人更高效地完成复杂抓握操作。
Dexterous Contact-Rich Manipulation via the Contact Trust Region
- 用接触信任区域替代传统椭球信任区,更好建模接触单向性。
- 在双臂平面系统和3D Allegro手部上实现低计算量的灵巧操作。
- 离线构建仅需10分钟,线上推理只需几秒,适合实际部署。
现有方法常依赖动力学的泰勒展开与椭球信任区,但这种做法与接触的单向特性本质不符。为此,本文提出接触信任区域(CTR),既保留接触单向性又计算高效。基于CTR,我们设计了模型预测控制(MPC)算法,可生成局部接触丰富的操作计划,并通过拼接局部计划实现全局规划,从而实现高效灵巧的接触丰富操作。我们在高保真仿真和真实硬件上对两种接触丰富系统进行了评估:平面双臂IiwaBimanual系统和3D AllegroHand系统。结果表明,该方法相较现有基于强化学习的方法显著降低计算开销。特别是Allegro手部在手操作策略的路线图构建,仅需标准笔记本电脑的CPU在10分钟内完成,线上推理耗时仅数秒。实验数据、视频和代码见ctr.theaiinstitute.com。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
What is a good local description of contact dynamics for contact-rich manipulation, and where can we trust this local description? While many approaches often rely on the Taylor approximation of dynamics with an ellipsoidal trust region, we argue that such approaches are fundamentally inconsistent with the unilateral nature of contact. As a remedy, we present the Contact Trust Region (CTR), which captures the unilateral nature of contact while remaining efficient for computation. With CTR, we first develop a Model-Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm capable of synthesizing local contact-rich plans. Then, we extend this capability to plan globally by stitching together local MPC plans, enabling efficient and dexterous contact-rich manipulation. To verify the performance of our method, we perform comprehensive evaluations, both in high-fidelity simulation and on hardware, on two contact-rich systems: a planar IiwaBimanual system and a 3D AllegroHand system. On both systems, our method offers a significantly lower-compute alternative to existing RL-based approaches to contact-rich manipulation. In particular, our Allegro in-hand manipulation policy, in the form of a roadmap, takes fewer than 10 minutes to build offline on a standard laptop using just its CPU, with online inference taking just a few seconds. Experiment data, video and code are available at ctr.theaiinstitute.com.
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