arXiv:2505.02299cs.LGcs.AI2025-05被引 1

通过人类反馈动态调整检测模型,提升异常数据识别的准确率与稳定性。

ASAT: Adaptive Scoring and Thresholding with Human Feedback for Robust Out-of-Distribution Detection

  • 引入人机协同机制,实时优化评分函数与阈值以应对新出现的异常数据。
  • 在静态环境下保持高召回率的同时严格控制误报率,动态适应中仅短期容忍误报。
  • 适用于自动驾驶、医疗诊断等对安全性要求高的场景,尤其适合持续更新的部署环境。

机器学习模型在分布内(ID)数据上训练,但在实际部署中常遇到分布外(OOD)输入,尤其在安全关键领域带来严重风险。现有方法通常仅基于ID数据设定分数阈值以达到目标真阳性率(TPR),但无法控制假阳性率(FPR),导致大量异常样本被误判为正常。此外,固定的评分函数和阈值难以适应新出现或演化的异常模式,性能受限。为此,我们提出ASAT——一种人机协同框架,可安全地根据真实世界的OOD输入在线更新评分函数与阈值。在静态条件下,ASAT始终最大化TPR并控制FPR;在非平稳条件下,系统能适应分布漂移,仅在适应期出现短暂的FPR上升。我们提供了静态条件下的FPR控制理论保证,并在OpenOOD基准上进行了广泛实验,结果表明本方法在保持FPR可控的前提下显著提升TPR,优于现有方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Machine Learning (ML) models are trained on in-distribution (ID) data but often encounter out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs during deployment---posing serious risks in safety-critical domains. Recent works have focused on designing scoring functions to quantify OOD uncertainty, with score thresholds typically set based solely on ID data to achieve a target true positive rate (TPR), since OOD data is limited before deployment. However, these TPR-based thresholds leave false positive rates (FPR) uncontrolled, often resulting in high FPRs where OOD points are misclassified as ID. Moreover, fixed scoring functions and thresholds lack the adaptivity needed to handle newly observed, evolving OOD inputs, leading to sub-optimal performance. To address these challenges, we propose \emph{ASAT}, a human-in-the-loop framework that \textit{safely updates both scoring functions and thresholds on the fly} based on real-world OOD inputs. ASAT maximizes TPR while controlling FPR at all times under stationary conditions, even as the system adapts over time. Under nonstationary conditions, the method adapts to distribution shifts with only transient FPR violations during the adaptation period. We provide theoretical guarantees for FPR control under stationary conditions and present extensive empirical evaluations on OpenOOD benchmarks to demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing methods by achieving higher TPRs while maintaining FPR control.

异常检测在线学习人机协同鲁棒性

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