arXiv:2505.02314cs.ARcs.AI2025-05被引 12

升级版神经模拟器,精准模拟存内计算芯片的硬件缺陷,加速芯片设计。

NeuroSim V1.5: Improved Software Backbone for Benchmarking Compute-in-Memory Accelerators with Device and Circuit-level Non-idealities

  • 融合TensorRT量化流程,支持更多神经网络模型
  • 通过统计噪声模型实现真实电路数据注入,精度更高
  • 支持新型非易失性电容存储器,速度提升6.5倍

人工智能应用的指数增长暴露了传统冯·诺依曼架构的低效问题,频繁的数据搬运导致显著的能耗和延迟瓶颈。模拟存内计算(ACIM)通过在内存阵列中直接执行乘加(MAC)操作,大幅减少数据移动。然而,设计鲁棒的ACIM加速器需要对器件和电路级非理想性进行精确建模。本文提出NeuroSim V1.5,引入多项关键改进:(1)无缝集成TensorRT后训练量化流程,支持更多神经网络,包括Transformer;(2)基于预标定统计模型的灵活噪声注入方法,可便捷融入SPICE仿真或硅片实测数据;(3)扩展设备支持,包含新兴的非易失性电容存储器;(4)相比V1.4版本,运行速度最高提升6.5倍,得益于优化的行为级仿真。这些能力共同实现了在精度与硬件效率间的系统性设计空间探索。多个案例研究验证了关键参数的优化,在保持网络精度的同时实现性能提升。通过融合高保真噪声建模与高效仿真,NeuroSim V1.5推动下一代ACIM加速器的设计与验证。所有版本均开源,可在https://github.com/neurosim/NeuroSim获取。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) applications has exposed the inefficiency of conventional von Neumann architectures, where frequent data transfers between compute units and memory create significant energy and latency bottlenecks. Analog Computing-in-Memory (ACIM) addresses this challenge by performing multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations directly in the memory arrays, substantially reducing data movement. However, designing robust ACIM accelerators requires accurate modeling of device- and circuit-level non-idealities. In this work, we present NeuroSim V1.5, introducing several key advances: (1) seamless integration with TensorRT's post-training quantization flow enabling support for more neural networks including transformers, (2) a flexible noise injection methodology built on pre-characterized statistical models, making it straightforward to incorporate data from SPICE simulations or silicon measurements, (3) expanded device support including emerging non-volatile capacitive memories, and (4) up to 6.5x faster runtime than NeuroSim V1.4 through optimized behavioral simulation. The combination of these capabilities uniquely enables systematic design space exploration across both accuracy and hardware efficiency metrics. Through multiple case studies, we demonstrate optimization of critical design parameters while maintaining network accuracy. By bridging high-fidelity noise modeling with efficient simulation, NeuroSim V1.5 advances the design and validation of next-generation ACIM accelerators. All NeuroSim versions are available open-source at https://github.com/neurosim/NeuroSim.

存内计算芯片仿真神经模拟硬件加速

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。