arXiv:2505.02476cs.ROcs.CV2025-05被引 1

用真实机器人目标增强点云数据,实现可控且物理真实的自动驾驶感知测试。

Point Cloud Recombination: Systematic Real Data Augmentation Using Robotic Targets for LiDAR Perception Validation

  • 将实验室测量的物理目标点云系统性重组到真实场景中
  • 使用Ouster OS1-128传感器验证,复现度高且支持重复实验
  • 适合自动驾驶感知算法的可靠性测试与失效分析

智能移动系统在开放世界应用中的激光雷达感知验证面临真实环境变化多样的挑战。虚拟仿真虽可控制场景但缺乏真实传感器特性(如强度响应、材质影响);真实数据虽具真实性却难以控制变量。现有方法通过跨场景转移物体进行数据增强,但依赖经验数据,缺乏可控制性。本文提出点云重组(Point Cloud Recombination)方法,将实验室中受控环境下采集的物理目标点云系统性地整合到真实场景中,生成大量可重复、物理准确的测试场景,包含感知相关的遮挡信息,并配有注册的3D网格。基于Ouster OS1-128 Rev7传感器,我们在城市与乡村场景中引入不同着装和姿态的人形目标,实现精确重复定位。实验表明,重构场景与真实传感器输出高度一致,支持定向测试、可扩展故障分析,提升系统安全性。该方法提供可控且传感器真实的测试数据,有助于可信评估特定传感器与其算法组合的局限性,例如目标检测性能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The validation of LiDAR-based perception of intelligent mobile systems operating in open-world applications remains a challenge due to the variability of real environmental conditions. Virtual simulations allow the generation of arbitrary scenes under controlled conditions but lack physical sensor characteristics, such as intensity responses or material-dependent effects. In contrast, real-world data offers true sensor realism but provides less control over influencing factors, hindering sufficient validation. Existing approaches address this problem with augmentation of real-world point cloud data by transferring objects between scenes. However, these methods do not consider validation and remain limited in controllability because they rely on empirical data. We solve these limitations by proposing Point Cloud Recombination, which systematically augments captured point cloud scenes by integrating point clouds acquired from physical target objects measured in controlled laboratory environments. Thus enabling the creation of vast amounts and varieties of repeatable, physically accurate test scenes with respect to phenomena-aware occlusions with registered 3D meshes. Using the Ouster OS1-128 Rev7 sensor, we demonstrate the augmentation of real-world urban and rural scenes with humanoid targets featuring varied clothing and poses, for repeatable positioning. We show that the recombined scenes closely match real sensor outputs, enabling targeted testing, scalable failure analysis, and improved system safety. By providing controlled yet sensor-realistic data, our method enables trustworthy conclusions about the limitations of specific sensors in compound with their algorithms, e.g., object detection.

点云增强感知验证激光雷达自动驾驶

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