arXiv:2505.02516cs.AIcs.AR2025-05

用机器学习让神经接口更智能,实现脑机实时控制与疾病监测。

Machine-Learning-Powered Neural Interfaces for Smart Prosthetics and Diagnostics

  • 结合高密度脑电记录与机器学习,实现神经信号的实时解码。
  • 支持低延迟、高精度的运动与交流功能恢复,可检测震颤和癫痫发作。
  • 适合神经康复、脑机接口研发者及智能医疗设备工程师参考。

先进的神经接口正在推动神经科学、疾病诊断(如精神状态识别、震颤与癫痫检测)以及假肢设备(用于运动与沟通功能恢复)的发展。通过将复杂功能集成于微型神经设备中,这些系统为个性化辅助技术与自适应治疗干预创造了巨大机遇。利用高密度神经记录、本地信号处理与机器学习(ML),这些接口可提取关键特征、识别疾病神经标志物,并实现精准、低延迟的神经解码。该融合使神经信号的实时解析、脑活动的自适应调控以及辅助设备的高效控制成为可能。此外,神经接口与机器学习的协同作用,催生了无需外部依赖、低成本、可广泛部署的自主平台。本文综述了人工智能驱动的解码算法与能效优化的片上系统(SoC)平台的最新进展,展现了下一代微型神经接口在可扩展性、可靠性、可解释性与用户适配性方面的潜力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Advanced neural interfaces are transforming applications ranging from neuroscience research to diagnostic tools (for mental state recognition, tremor and seizure detection) as well as prosthetic devices (for motor and communication recovery). By integrating complex functions into miniaturized neural devices, these systems unlock significant opportunities for personalized assistive technologies and adaptive therapeutic interventions. Leveraging high-density neural recordings, on-site signal processing, and machine learning (ML), these interfaces extract critical features, identify disease neuro-markers, and enable accurate, low-latency neural decoding. This integration facilitates real-time interpretation of neural signals, adaptive modulation of brain activity, and efficient control of assistive devices. Moreover, the synergy between neural interfaces and ML has paved the way for self-sufficient, ubiquitous platforms capable of operating in diverse environments with minimal hardware costs and external dependencies. In this work, we review recent advancements in AI-driven decoding algorithms and energy-efficient System-on-Chip (SoC) platforms for next-generation miniaturized neural devices. These innovations highlight the potential for developing intelligent neural interfaces, addressing critical challenges in scalability, reliability, interpretability, and user adaptability.

神经接口机器学习脑机接口智能医疗

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