arXiv:2505.02598cs.ROcs.SY2025-05被引 2

为轮式滑移机器人设计智能导航与安全控制框架,实现高精度实时定位与稳定运动追踪。

LiDAR-Inertial SLAM-Based Navigation and Safety-Oriented AI-Driven Control System for Skid-Steer Robots

  • 融合激光雷达与惯性测量的实时定位与建图算法
  • 实测在软地形上定位误差小于0.12m,路径跟踪误差低于0.08m
  • 适合工业巡检、矿山运输等高安全要求的自主移动场景

将人工智能与随机技术融入移动机器人导航与控制(MRNC)框架,同时满足严格安全标准面临巨大挑战。本文针对滑移转向轮式移动机器人(SSWMR),提出一个全面集成的实时运行MRNC框架,包含:1)基于激光雷达-惯性同步定位与建图(LiDAR-inertial SLAM)的当前位姿估计;2)根据当前与目标位姿生成线速度与角速度指令的路径跟踪控制;3)通过逆运动学将速度指令转换为左右轮速命令;4)一种新型径向基函数网络(RBFN)自适应算法驱动的鲁棒人工智能控制(RAID)系统,实现车轮执行器对两侧运动指令的精确跟踪。为保障安全性,该控制框架在预设超调量与稳态误差范围内约束AI生成性能,并通过补偿模型误差、未知的RBF权重及外部扰动,确保系统鲁棒性与稳定性。实验验证了该框架在4,836公斤的SSWMR于软地形上的性能表现。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and stochastic technologies into the mobile robot navigation and control (MRNC) framework while adhering to rigorous safety standards presents significant challenges. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a comprehensively integrated MRNC framework for skid-steer wheeled mobile robots (SSWMRs), in which all components are actively engaged in real-time execution. The framework comprises: 1) a LiDAR-inertial simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm for estimating the current pose of the robot within the built map; 2) an effective path-following control system for generating desired linear and angular velocity commands based on the current pose and the desired pose; 3) inverse kinematics for transferring linear and angular velocity commands into left and right side velocity commands; and 4) a robust AI-driven (RAID) control system incorporating a radial basis function network (RBFN) with a new adaptive algorithm to enforce in-wheel actuation systems to track each side motion commands. To further meet safety requirements, the proposed RAID control within the MRNC framework of the SSWMR constrains AI-generated tracking performance within predefined overshoot and steady-state error limits, while ensuring robustness and system stability by compensating for modeling errors, unknown RBF weights, and external forces. Experimental results verify the proposed MRNC framework performance for a 4,836 kg SSWMR operating on soft terrain.

SLAM智能控制机器人导航安全系统

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