arXiv:2505.03112cs.LG2025-05被引 3

用大模型+信号上下文实现免训练调制识别,无需预处理

Plug-and-Play AMC: Context Is King in Training-Free, Open-Set Modulation with LLMs

  • 将信号高阶统计量转为自然语言提示,融入示例上下文
  • 在无噪声和噪声环境下均实现接近有监督方法的分类准确率
  • 适合需快速部署、可解释性强的无线通信系统

自动调制分类(AMC)对高效频谱管理和鲁棒无线通信至关重要。然而,信号干扰与噪声的复杂相互作用使该任务极具挑战性。本文提出一种创新框架,将传统信号处理与大语言模型(LLMs)结合,利用高阶统计量与累积量估计,将量化信号特征转化为结构化自然语言提示,并通过引入示例上下文,利用大模型对经典信号处理的内在知识,实现无需额外训练或预处理(如去噪)的一次性分类。在合成生成数据集上的实验表明,该方法在多种调制方式和信噪比(SNR)条件下均表现出色,性能具有竞争力。本工作为跨信道条件的鲁棒基础模型铺平道路,显著降低开发专用信道模型的成本。研究为下一代无线网络中可扩展、可解释且多功能的信号分类系统奠定基础。源代码见 https://github.com/RU-SIT/context-is-king。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) is critical for efficient spectrum management and robust wireless communications. However, AMC remains challenging due to the complex interplay of signal interference and noise. In this work, we propose an innovative framework that integrates traditional signal processing techniques with Large-Language Models (LLMs) to address AMC. Our approach leverages higher-order statistics and cumulant estimation to convert quantitative signal features into structured natural language prompts. By incorporating exemplar contexts into these prompts, our method exploits the LLM's inherent familiarity with classical signal processing, enabling effective one-shot classification without additional training or preprocessing (e.g., denoising). Experimental evaluations on synthetically generated datasets, spanning both noiseless and noisy conditions, demonstrate that our framework achieves competitive performance across diverse modulation schemes and Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs). Moreover, our approach paves the way for robust foundation models in wireless communications across varying channel conditions, significantly reducing the expense associated with developing channel-specific models. This work lays the foundation for scalable, interpretable, and versatile signal classification systems in next-generation wireless networks. The source code is available at https://github.com/RU-SIT/context-is-king

调制识别大模型应用免训练信号处理

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