arXiv:2505.03176cs.CVcs.AI2025-05NeurIPS被引 8

seq-JEPA通过序列建模实现不变性与等变性的统一学习,兼顾图像分类与精细任务。

seq-JEPA: Autoregressive Predictive Learning of Invariant-Equivariant World Models

  • 将输入视图与相对变换动作嵌入结合,用Transformer编码序列信息
  • 在下游任务中同时保持高精度的图像分类与路径积分能力
  • 适合需要多视角序列理解的场景,如眼动预测与空间导航

联合嵌入自监督学习(SSL)通常依赖数据增强和掩码等变换来学习视觉表示,通过强制对两视图施加变换后的不变性或等变性。然而,这种主流双视图范式常导致高层不变性任务(如图像分类)与细粒度等变性任务之间的性能权衡,限制了表征的灵活性。本文提出seq-JEPA,一种引入架构归纳偏置的世界建模框架,以解决该权衡问题。模型不依赖双等变预测器或损失项,而是通过处理输入的不同视图序列,将每个视图编码后与生成下一视图的相对变换(动作)嵌入拼接,再经由Transformer编码器输出聚合表示,并由预测头基于未来动作预测下一视图表示。实验表明,seq-JEPA在不变性与等变性任务上均表现优异,且无性能牺牲。尤其在需聚合观测序列的任务中表现突出,如跨动作路径积分与眼动预测学习。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Joint-embedding self-supervised learning (SSL) commonly relies on transformations such as data augmentation and masking to learn visual representations, a task achieved by enforcing invariance or equivariance with respect to these transformations applied to two views of an image. This dominant two-view paradigm in SSL often limits the flexibility of learned representations for downstream adaptation by creating performance trade-offs between high-level invariance-demanding tasks such as image classification and more fine-grained equivariance-related tasks. In this work, we propose \emph{seq-JEPA}, a world modeling framework that introduces architectural inductive biases into joint-embedding predictive architectures to resolve this trade-off. Without relying on dual equivariance predictors or loss terms, seq-JEPA simultaneously learns two architecturally separate representations for equivariance- and invariance-demanding tasks. To do so, our model processes short sequences of different views (observations) of inputs. Each encoded view is concatenated with an embedding of the relative transformation (action) that produces the next observation in the sequence. These view-action pairs are passed through a transformer encoder that outputs an aggregate representation. A predictor head then conditions this aggregate representation on the upcoming action to predict the representation of the next observation. Empirically, seq-JEPA demonstrates strong performance on both equivariance- and invariance-demanding downstream tasks without sacrificing one for the other. Furthermore, it excels at tasks that inherently require aggregating a sequence of observations, such as path integration across actions and predictive learning across eye movements.

自监督学习世界模型序列建模等变性

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