用主动推理框架模拟视觉注意机制，解释注意力分配与反应时关系。
An Active Inference Model of Covert and Overt Visual Attention
- 基于感官精度动态优化的主动推理模型，统一建模隐性与显性注意。
- 有效预测外源性与有效线索下反应更快，且出现返回抑制现象。
- 揭示反射性眼动快但适应性差，适合研究注意力神经机制者参考。
能够选择性关注相关刺激并过滤干扰，对处理复杂高维感知输入的智能体至关重要。本文提出一种基于主动推理框架的隐性与显性视觉注意模型，通过动态优化感官精度以最小化自由能。该模型依据当前环境信念和感官输入决定视觉感官精度，从而影响隐性和显性注意的分配。为验证模型有效性，我们在二维（2D）视觉数据上测试其在Posner线索任务和简单目标聚焦任务中的表现，测量反应时以探究外源性与内源性注意、有效与无效线索之间的相互作用。结果表明，外源性及有效线索通常带来比内源性及无效线索更快的反应时。此外，模型表现出类似返回抑制的现象：在特定线索-目标起始时间间隔后，先前被注意的位置会受到抑制。最后，我们考察了显性注意的不同方面，发现不自觉的反射性扫视比有意扫视更快，但代价是灵活性降低。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The ability to selectively attend to relevant stimuli while filtering out distractions is essential for agents that process complex, high-dimensional sensory input. This paper introduces a model of covert and overt visual attention through the framework of active inference, utilizing dynamic optimization of sensory precisions to minimize free-energy. The model determines visual sensory precisions based on both current environmental beliefs and sensory input, influencing attentional allocation in both covert and overt modalities. To test the effectiveness of the model, we analyze its behavior in the Posner cueing task and a simple target focus task using two-dimensional(2D) visual data. Reaction times are measured to investigate the interplay between exogenous and endogenous attention, as well as valid and invalid cueing. The results show that exogenous and valid cues generally lead to faster reaction times compared to endogenous and invalid cues. Furthermore, the model exhibits behavior similar to inhibition of return, where previously attended locations become suppressed after a specific cue-target onset asynchrony interval. Lastly, we investigate different aspects of overt attention and show that involuntary, reflexive saccades occur faster than intentional ones, but at the expense of adaptability.
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