通过最小化动作轨迹熵,提升强化学习的可预测性与鲁棒性。
Trajectory Entropy Reinforcement Learning for Predictable and Robust Control
- 用轨迹熵作为简单性先验,约束策略输出更规律的动作序列。
- 在高维运动任务中,新方法显著提升抗噪声和动态扰动能力。
- 适合需要稳定可靠控制的机器人、自动驾驶等实际场景。
简单性是设计数据驱动控制器的关键归纳偏置,尤其在强调鲁棒性时更为重要。尽管深度强化学习在复杂控制任务中表现优异,但容易捕捉观测与动作间的复杂且虚假的相关性,导致环境出现微小扰动时即失效。为此,本文提出一种新的归纳偏置——通过最小化完整动作轨迹的熵来实现简单策略,该熵对应于在观察状态轨迹后描述动作轨迹所需的信息比特数。所提出的轨迹熵强化学习(Trajectory Entropy Reinforcement Learning)算法,在最大化奖励的同时最小化轨迹熵。我们证明可通过学习一个变分参数化动作预测模型来有效估计轨迹熵,并利用该模型构建信息正则化奖励函数。此外,我们设计了一种实用算法,实现策略与预测模型的联合优化。在多个高维运动任务上的实验表明,所学策略产生更周期性和一致的动作轨迹,在性能和对噪声及动态变化的鲁棒性方面均优于现有最先进方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Simplicity is a critical inductive bias for designing data-driven controllers, especially when robustness is important. Despite the impressive results of deep reinforcement learning in complex control tasks, it is prone to capturing intricate and spurious correlations between observations and actions, leading to failure under slight perturbations to the environment. To tackle this problem, in this work we introduce a novel inductive bias towards simple policies in reinforcement learning. The simplicity inductive bias is introduced by minimizing the entropy of entire action trajectories, corresponding to the number of bits required to describe information in action trajectories after the agent observes state trajectories. Our reinforcement learning agent, Trajectory Entropy Reinforcement Learning, is optimized to minimize the trajectory entropy while maximizing rewards. We show that the trajectory entropy can be effectively estimated by learning a variational parameterized action prediction model, and use the prediction model to construct an information-regularized reward function. Furthermore, we construct a practical algorithm that enables the joint optimization of models, including the policy and the prediction model. Experimental evaluations on several high-dimensional locomotion tasks show that our learned policies produce more cyclical and consistent action trajectories, and achieve superior performance, and robustness to noise and dynamic changes than the state-of-the-art.
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