简单轮速+陀螺仪融合,精度超主流方案且成本极低。
Do We Still Need to Work on Odometry for Autonomous Driving?
- 直接融合轮速与陀螺仪数据,算法极简。
- 相对位移误差仅0.20%,优于多数先进方法。
- 适合对算力敏感的车载系统,尤其雪地驾驶场景鲁棒性强。
过去几十年,基于本体与外部传感器的自车运动估计研究取得显著进展,尽管计算负载和传感器复杂度持续上升,里程计算法在各类条件下已实现极低漂移的高精度。本文质疑自动驾驶领域继续投入研发里程计的必要性,评估了一种最简算法:轮速编码器与陀螺仪航向角速率的直接积分,称为Odometer-Gyroscope(OG)里程计。结果表明,在多数场景下,该方法以远低于现有雷达-惯性SE(2)里程计的计算开销,实现了更优精度。例如,OG在Boreas排行榜上以0.20%的相对位移误差位居榜首,次优方法为0.26%。激光雷达-惯性方法虽更精准,但计算量高出三个数量级。为进一步验证,我们通过暴风雪中不同驾驶行为采集数据,刻意违背其无滑移假设。结果显示,需显著滑移才导致估算性能不可接受。因此,对于绝大多数实际驾驶场景,当前里程计研究的投入已可适度降低。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Over the past decades, a tremendous amount of work has addressed the topic of ego-motion estimation of moving platforms based on various proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensors. At the cost of ever-increasing computational load and sensor complexity, odometry algorithms have reached impressive levels of accuracy with minimal drift in various conditions. In this paper, we question the need for more research on odometry for autonomous driving by assessing the accuracy of one of the simplest algorithms: the direct integration of wheel encoder data and yaw rate measurements from a gyroscope. We denote this algorithm as Odometer-Gyroscope (OG) odometry. This work shows that OG odometry can outperform current state-of-the-art radar-inertial SE(2) odometry for a fraction of the computational cost in most scenarios. For example, the OG odometry is on top of the Boreas leaderboard with a relative translation error of 0.20%, while the second-best method displays an error of 0.26%. Lidar-inertial approaches can provide more accurate estimates, but the computational load is three orders of magnitude higher than the OG odometry. To further the analysis, we have pushed the limits of the OG odometry by purposely violating its fundamental no-slip assumption using data collected during a heavy snowstorm with different driving behaviours. Our conclusion shows that a significant amount of slippage is required to result in non-satisfactory pose estimates from the OG odometry.
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