arXiv:2505.05035cs.IR2025-05

用扩散模型解决冷启动捆绑推荐难题,效果显著优于现有方法。

Divide-and-Conquer: Cold-Start Bundle Recommendation via Mixture of Diffusion Experts

  • 分而治之:将复杂冷启动问题拆解为可独立处理的子任务。
  • 扩散生成:无需特征直接生成表示,突破传统嵌入模型局限。
  • 自适应融合:多层专家模型动态组合结果,适合不同冷启动程度的捆绑。

冷启动捆绑推荐致力于为信息不足的新捆绑提供推荐。现有先进模型通常在捆绑与商品双层级上从多视角(如交互视角)学习捆绑表征,因此捆绑冷启动问题比传统物品更复杂。本文提出新型混合扩散专家框架MoDiffE,采用分而治之策略,分三步解决:(1) 分解:按层级与视角将冷启动问题分解为一系列独立但相似的子问题,本质是特征缺失捆绑在先验嵌入模型中的表征不佳;(2) 攻克:超越依赖特定特征的先验嵌入模型,引入基于扩散的方法统一求解所有子问题,直接通过扩散模型生成表征;(3) 组合:使用冷启动感知的层次化混合专家(MoE)融合子问题结果,每个视角的两个模型作为专家,以多层方式自适应融合不同捆绑。此外,MoDiffE采用多阶段解耦训练流程,并引入冷启动门控增强方法,实现对冷启动捆绑门控的训练。在三个真实数据集上的大量实验表明,MoDiffE在冷启动场景下显著优于现有方案,召回率@20最高提升0.1027,全捆绑场景相对提升达47.43%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Cold-start bundle recommendation focuses on modeling new bundles with insufficient information to provide recommendations. Advanced bundle recommendation models usually learn bundle representations from multiple views (e.g., interaction view) at both the bundle and item levels. Consequently, the cold-start problem for bundles is more challenging than that for traditional items due to the dual-level multi-view complexity. In this paper, we propose a novel Mixture of Diffusion Experts (MoDiffE) framework, which employs a divide-and-conquer strategy for cold-start bundle recommendation and follows three steps:(1) Divide: The bundle cold-start problem is divided into independent but similar sub-problems sequentially by level and view, which can be summarized as the poor representation of feature-missing bundles in prior-embedding models. (2) Conquer: Beyond prior-embedding models that fundamentally provide the embedded representations, we introduce a diffusion-based method to solve all sub-problems in a unified way, which directly generates diffusion representations using diffusion models without depending on specific features. (3) Combine: A cold-aware hierarchical Mixture of Experts (MoE) is employed to combine results of the sub-problems for final recommendations, where the two models for each view serve as experts and are adaptively fused for different bundles in a multi-layer manner. Additionally, MoDiffE adopts a multi-stage decoupled training pipeline and introduces a cold-start gating augmentation method to enable the training of gating for cold bundles. Through extensive experiments on three real-world datasets, we demonstrate that MoDiffE significantly outperforms existing solutions in handling cold-start bundle recommendation. It achieves up to a 0.1027 absolute gain in Recall@20 in cold-start scenarios and up to a 47.43\% relative improvement in all-bundle scenarios.

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