构建高效数据筛选与验证流程,提升大模型训练数据质量。
Ultra-FineWeb: Efficient Data Filtering and Verification for High-Quality LLM Training Data
- 提出轻量级fastText分类器与快速验证策略,实现低耗评估数据影响。
- 优化正负样本选择,使模型在1万亿英文+1200亿中文令牌上表现更优。
- 适合关注数据质量与训练效率的AI研发人员使用。
随着大语言模型(LLMs)快速发展,数据质量成为提升模型性能的关键因素。当前基于模型的数据过滤方法仍面临两大挑战:一是缺乏高效的验证策略,难以及时反馈数据质量;二是种子数据选择缺乏明确标准,依赖人工经验,存在主观性。为此,本文提出一种高效验证策略,可在极低计算成本下快速评估数据对训练的影响。同时,基于高质量种子数据有益于模型训练的假设,结合该验证策略,优化正负样本选取,构建出高效的数据过滤流水线。该流水线显著提升过滤效率、分类器质量与鲁棒性,并大幅降低实验与推理开销。为高效筛选高质量数据,采用基于fastText的轻量级分类器,成功应用于FineWeb和Chinese FineWeb两个主流预训练语料库,生成更高品质的Ultra-FineWeb数据集。该数据集包含约1万亿英文令牌和1200亿中文令牌。实验证明,在Ultra-FineWeb上训练的模型在多个基准任务中均有显著性能提升,验证了该流水线在提升数据质量与训练效率方面的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Data quality has become a key factor in enhancing model performance with the rapid development of large language models (LLMs). Model-driven data filtering has increasingly become a primary approach for acquiring high-quality data. However, it still faces two main challenges: (1) the lack of an efficient data verification strategy makes it difficult to provide timely feedback on data quality; and (2) the selection of seed data for training classifiers lacks clear criteria and relies heavily on human expertise, introducing a degree of subjectivity. To address the first challenge, we introduce an efficient verification strategy that enables rapid evaluation of the impact of data on LLM training with minimal computational cost. To tackle the second challenge, we build upon the assumption that high-quality seed data is beneficial for LLM training, and by integrating the proposed verification strategy, we optimize the selection of positive and negative samples and propose an efficient data filtering pipeline. This pipeline not only improves filtering efficiency, classifier quality, and robustness, but also significantly reduces experimental and inference costs. In addition, to efficiently filter high-quality data, we employ a lightweight classifier based on fastText, and successfully apply the filtering pipeline to two widely-used pre-training corpora, FineWeb and Chinese FineWeb datasets, resulting in the creation of the higher-quality Ultra-FineWeb dataset. Ultra-FineWeb contains approximately 1 trillion English tokens and 120 billion Chinese tokens. Empirical results demonstrate that the LLMs trained on Ultra-FineWeb exhibit significant performance improvements across multiple benchmark tasks, validating the effectiveness of our pipeline in enhancing both data quality and training efficiency.
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