融合卫星数据提升航班轨迹精度,助力全球航空研究。
OpenSky Report 2025: Improving Crowdsourced Flight Trajectories with ADS-C Data
- 用卫星ADS-C数据补全海洋和偏远地区飞行数据空白
- 整合2600架飞机72万条消息,重建跨大西洋航线
- 为环保评估与空管研究提供高精度开放数据
OpenSky网络自2013年起收集并提供众包航空交通监控数据,主要依赖地面接收的自动相关监视广播(ADS-B)信号,但其在海洋和偏远地区覆盖有限。为此,该网络开始引入基于卫星通信的自动相关监视-合同(ADS-C)系统数据,以填补空域盲区。本文分析了2024年通过Alphasat卫星采集的超过72万条ADS-C消息,涵盖约2600架独特飞机,覆盖欧洲、非洲及部分大西洋区域。我们提出一种融合ADS-B与ADS-C数据的方法,构建长途航线的详细飞行路径,尤其优化跨大西洋与非洲航路。结果表明,该融合显著提升轨迹重建精度,使燃油消耗与排放估算更准确。案例显示,联合数据有效捕捉了非洲地区以往数据不足的飞行模式。尽管仍存在覆盖限制,本工作推动了全球飞行轨迹数据的开放获取,为航空管理、环境影响评估与飞行安全研究带来新机遇。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The OpenSky Network has been collecting and providing crowdsourced air traffic surveillance data since 2013. The network has primarily focused on Automatic Dependent Surveillance--Broadcast (ADS-B) data, which provides high-frequency position updates over terrestrial areas. However, the ADS-B signals are limited over oceans and remote regions, where ground-based receivers are scarce. To address these coverage gaps, the OpenSky Network has begun incorporating data from the Automatic Dependent Surveillance--Contract (ADS-C) system, which uses satellite communication to track aircraft positions over oceanic regions and remote areas. In this paper, we analyze a dataset of over 720,000 ADS-C messages collected in 2024 from around 2,600 unique aircraft via the Alphasat satellite, covering Europe, Africa, and parts of the Atlantic Ocean. We present our approach to combining ADS-B and ADS-C data to construct detailed long-haul flight paths, particularly for transatlantic and African routes. Our findings demonstrate that this integration significantly improves trajectory reconstruction accuracy, allowing for better fuel consumption and emissions estimates. We illustrate how combined data captures flight patterns across previously underrepresented regions across Africa. Despite coverage limitations, this work marks an important advancement in providing open access to global flight trajectory data, enabling new research opportunities in air traffic management, environmental impact assessment, and aviation safety.
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