通过道路边界约束预测车辆轨迹,提升自动驾驶安全性与可行性。
Boundary-Guided Trajectory Prediction for Road Aware and Physically Feasible Autonomous Driving
- 基于道路边界定义可行驶区域,强制轨迹在道路上
- 相比基线模型,离轨率从66%降至1%,最终位移误差更优
- 对罕见动作和对抗攻击场景泛化能力强,适合高阶自动驾驶
准确预测周边交通参与者轨迹是实现安全高效自动驾驶的关键。尽管深度学习模型已显著提升性能,但仍存在轨迹偏离道路及运动学不可行的问题。现有方法虽引入道路感知模块并施加运动约束,但缺乏合理性保证,且常在复杂度与灵活性间权衡。本文提出一种新框架,将轨迹预测建模为受允许行驶方向及其边界约束的回归问题。利用车辆当前状态与高清地图,定义有效行驶边界,并训练网络学习左右边界多边形之间的叠加路径,确保轨迹始终在道路上。为保障运动可行性,模型还预测加速度曲线,决定车辆沿路径的行驶距离,同时满足运动学约束。在Argoverse-2数据集上评估,相较于HPTR基线,本方法基准指标略有下降,但显著降低最终位移误差,彻底消除不可行轨迹。此外,该方法对不常见行为及分布外场景具有更强泛化能力,对抗攻击下的离轨率从66%降至1%。结果表明,该方法能生成更合理且鲁棒的轨迹预测。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Accurate prediction of surrounding road users' trajectories is essential for safe and efficient autonomous driving. While deep learning models have improved performance, challenges remain in preventing off-road predictions and ensuring kinematic feasibility. Existing methods incorporate road-awareness modules and enforce kinematic constraints but lack plausibility guarantees and often introduce trade-offs in complexity and flexibility. This paper proposes a novel framework that formulates trajectory prediction as a constrained regression guided by permissible driving directions and their boundaries. Using the agent's current state and an HD map, our approach defines the valid boundaries and ensures on-road predictions by training the network to learn superimposed paths between left and right boundary polylines. To guarantee feasibility, the model predicts acceleration profiles that determine the vehicle's travel distance along these paths while adhering to kinematic constraints. We evaluate our approach on the Argoverse-2 dataset against the HPTR baseline. Our approach shows a slight decrease in benchmark metrics compared to HPTR but notably improves final displacement error and eliminates infeasible trajectories. Moreover, the proposed approach has superior generalization to less prevalent maneuvers and unseen out-of-distribution scenarios, reducing the off-road rate under adversarial attacks from 66% to just 1%. These results highlight the effectiveness of our approach in generating feasible and robust predictions.
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