用新闻文本提升资产定价模型,显著降低误差并提高收益表现。
NewsNet-SDF: Stochastic Discount Factor Estimation with Pretrained Language Model News Embeddings via Adversarial Networks
- 融合预训练新闻嵌入与金融时序数据,通过对抗学习实现多模态信息融合。
- 在美股数据上实现2.80的夏普比率,定价误差比五因子模型低74%。
- 新闻文本贡献超过宏观经济因素,适合金融科技与智能投研场景。
随机折现因子(SDF)模型为资产定价与风险评估提供统一框架,但传统方法难以融入非结构化文本信息。我们提出NewsNet-SDF,一种新型深度学习框架,通过对抗网络将预训练语言模型新闻嵌入与金融时间序列无缝结合。该多模态架构使用GTE-multilingual模型处理金融新闻,采用LSTM网络提取宏观经济数据的时间模式,并对公司特征进行归一化,通过创新的对抗训练机制融合异构信息源。数据集包含约250万篇新闻文章和10,000只独特证券,解决了文本数据与金融时序对齐的计算挑战。基于1980–2022年美国股权数据的实证评估表明,NewsNet-SDF显著优于现有方法,夏普比率达2.80。相比CAPM提升471%,优于传统SDF实现超200%,定价误差较Fama-French五因子模型降低74%。全面对比显示,该深度学习方法在所有关键指标上均持续超越传统、现代及其它神经资产定价模型。消融实验确认,文本嵌入对模型性能贡献大于宏观经济特征,新闻导出的主成分位列SDF动态最影响因素之一。结果验证了多模态深度学习在整合非结构化文本与传统金融数据方面的有效性,为金融科技中的数字智能决策提供新洞见。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Stochastic Discount Factor (SDF) models provide a unified framework for asset pricing and risk assessment, yet traditional formulations struggle to incorporate unstructured textual information. We introduce NewsNet-SDF, a novel deep learning framework that seamlessly integrates pretrained language model embeddings with financial time series through adversarial networks. Our multimodal architecture processes financial news using GTE-multilingual models, extracts temporal patterns from macroeconomic data via LSTM networks, and normalizes firm characteristics, fusing these heterogeneous information sources through an innovative adversarial training mechanism. Our dataset encompasses approximately 2.5 million news articles and 10,000 unique securities, addressing the computational challenges of processing and aligning text data with financial time series. Empirical evaluations on U.S. equity data (1980-2022) demonstrate NewsNet-SDF substantially outperforms alternatives with a Sharpe ratio of 2.80. The model shows a 471% improvement over CAPM, over 200% improvement versus traditional SDF implementations, and a 74% reduction in pricing errors compared to the Fama-French five-factor model. In comprehensive comparisons, our deep learning approach consistently outperforms traditional, modern, and other neural asset pricing models across all key metrics. Ablation studies confirm that text embeddings contribute significantly more to model performance than macroeconomic features, with news-derived principal components ranking among the most influential determinants of SDF dynamics. These results validate the effectiveness of our multimodal deep learning approach in integrating unstructured text with traditional financial data for more accurate asset pricing, providing new insights for digital intelligent decision-making in financial technology.
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