提出新型图注意力网络,同时捕捉网络流量的全局与局部时空依赖。
Global-local Spatial-temporal Aware Graph Attention Network for Network Traffic Forecasting
- 用数据驱动融合时空信息构建动态图结构
- 在真实数据集上性能优于基线32%以上(MAE)
- 适合需要高精度流量预测的网络管理场景
由于节点间复杂的空间关系和动态的时间模式,时空网络流量预测是一项挑战性任务。传统回归方法难以直接应用于此类图数据。近年来,图神经网络(GNNs)被广泛用于建模时空依赖关系。然而,现有方法存在诸多局限:(1) 仅依赖预定义的空间邻接矩阵,忽略了潜在的低层次时间信息;(2) 分别建模空间与时间信息,不可避免地丢失联合依赖,或仅捕捉全局或局部依赖。为此,我们提出全局-局部时空感知图注意力网络(GLSTaGAT)。具体而言,采用数据驱动的时空融合图,融合低层次空间与时间信息,作为后续图卷积的基础。设计了GLSTaGAT模块及其池化变体,以同时捕捉局部与全局时空依赖。引入节点归一化缓解协变量偏移,提升训练稳定性。使用编码器仅的Transformer建模高层联合依赖,并设计多头注意力预测层实现最终信息聚合与预测。在真实世界数据集上的实验表明,GLSTaGAT在平均MAE、RMSE和SMAPE上分别优于基线32.14%、28.30%和20.47%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Spatial-temporal network traffic forecasting is a challenging task due to the complex spatial relationships and dynamic temporal patterns present in each node. Traditional regression methods are not directly applicable to such graph data. Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been widely used to model spatial-temporal dependencies. However, existing methods face several limitations: (1) They rely solely on a predefined spatial adjacency matrix, overlooking hidden low-level temporal information. (2) They model spatial and temporal information separately, which inevitably leads to a loss of joint dependencies, or they capture only global or local dependencies. To address these issues, we propose the \textbf{G}lobal-\textbf{L}ocal \textbf{S}patial-\textbf{T}emporal \textbf{a}ware \textbf{G}raph \textbf{AT}tention Network (GLSTaGAT). Specifically, we adopt a data-driven spatial-temporal fusion graph that incorporates low-level spatial and temporal information, serving as the foundation for further graph convolutions. The GLSTaGAT block and its pooling variant are proposed to simultaneously capture local and global spatial-temporal dependencies. Additionally, we introduce node normalization to mitigate covariance shifts, enabling a smoother training process. An encoder-only transformer is utilized to model high-level joint dependencies, and a multi-head attention prediction layer is designed for final information aggregation and prediction. Experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate that GLSTaGAT outperforms the baselines by 32.14\% (MAE), 28.30\% (RMSE), and 20.47\% (SMAPE) on average.
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