构建可互连协作的智能体网络，让AI能自主协同工作。
Internet of Agents: Fundamentals, Applications, and Challenges
- 提出智能体互联网框架，实现异构AI的动态互联与协作。
- 支持跨环境智能体发现、任务匹配与冲突协商，提升系统效率。
- 适合研究AI协同、分布式智能系统的学者与开发者。
随着大语言模型和视觉-语言模型的快速发展，智能体已从孤立的任务型系统演变为能在虚拟与物理环境中自主感知、推理并行动的实体。为应对日益增长的智能体部署需求，亟需建立以智能体为中心的统一基础设施。本文提出智能体互联网（Internet of Agents, IoA）作为基础架构，支持海量异构智能体间的无缝连接、动态发现与协同编排。首先介绍通用的IoA架构，突出其分层组织结构、与传统互联网的区别及新兴应用场景；其次分析关键运行机制，包括能力通知与发现、自适应通信协议、动态任务匹配、共识与冲突解决机制以及激励模型；最后指出构建鲁棒可信的IoA生态系统的开放研究方向。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
With the rapid proliferation of large language models and vision-language models, AI agents have evolved from isolated, task-specific systems into autonomous, interactive entities capable of perceiving, reasoning, and acting without human intervention. As these agents proliferate across virtual and physical environments, from virtual assistants to embodied robots, the need for a unified, agent-centric infrastructure becomes paramount. In this survey, we introduce the Internet of Agents (IoA) as a foundational framework that enables seamless interconnection, dynamic discovery, and collaborative orchestration among heterogeneous agents at scale. We begin by presenting a general IoA architecture, highlighting its hierarchical organization, distinguishing features relative to the traditional Internet, and emerging applications. Next, we analyze the key operational enablers of IoA, including capability notification and discovery, adaptive communication protocols, dynamic task matching, consensus and conflict-resolution mechanisms, and incentive models. Finally, we identify open research directions toward building resilient and trustworthy IoA ecosystems.
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