动态调整伪标签阈值,提升少标注下的语义分割效果
Feedback-Driven Pseudo-Label Reliability Assessment: Redefining Thresholding for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation
- 用反馈机制动态优化伪标签筛选阈值,不依赖固定标准
- 在仅有少量标注数据时,分割精度显著提升
- 可无缝接入现有框架,适合资源有限的场景
半监督学习通过利用未标注数据提升模型性能,克服全监督方法的局限。伪监督策略中,通常使用一个或多个教师网络生成并优化伪标签,再训练学生网络。传统做法依赖预设置信度阈值或熵值过滤伪标签,但最优阈值选择需大量标注数据,在真实半监督场景中往往难以满足。为此,我们提出集成置信度增强(ENCORE)策略,一种动态反馈驱动的伪标签筛选机制。不同于静态阈值,ENCORE在未标注数据中估计类别级真阳性置信度,并根据模型对不同过滤程度的响应持续调整阈值。该反馈机制确保保留有用伪标签的同时剔除不可靠样本,提升训练质量且无需人工调参。方法可无缝嵌入现有伪监督框架,在多数据集与多种网络架构上均实现显著性能提升,验证了其在半监督学习中的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Semi-supervised learning leverages unlabeled data to enhance model performance, addressing the limitations of fully supervised approaches. Among its strategies, pseudo-supervision has proven highly effective, typically relying on one or multiple teacher networks to refine pseudo-labels before training a student network. A common practice in pseudo-supervision is filtering pseudo-labels based on pre-defined confidence thresholds or entropy. However, selecting optimal thresholds requires large labeled datasets, which are often scarce in real-world semi-supervised scenarios. To overcome this challenge, we propose Ensemble-of-Confidence Reinforcement (ENCORE), a dynamic feedback-driven thresholding strategy for pseudo-label selection. Instead of relying on static confidence thresholds, ENCORE estimates class-wise true-positive confidence within the unlabeled dataset and continuously adjusts thresholds based on the model's response to different levels of pseudo-label filtering. This feedback-driven mechanism ensures the retention of informative pseudo-labels while filtering unreliable ones, enhancing model training without manual threshold tuning. Our method seamlessly integrates into existing pseudo-supervision frameworks and significantly improves segmentation performance, particularly in data-scarce conditions. Extensive experiments demonstrate that integrating ENCORE with existing pseudo-supervision frameworks enhances performance across multiple datasets and network architectures, validating its effectiveness in semi-supervised learning.
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