将单体架构改为微服务，提升多智能体系统的可扩展性与维护性。
Moving From Monolithic To Microservices Architecture for Multi-Agent Systems
- 用微服务重构多智能体系统，解耦各智能体功能模块。
- 对比显示新架构在可扩展性与故障隔离上优势明显。
- 适合构建复杂、高并发的分布式智能体应用开发者参考。
从单体架构向微服务架构的转变彻底改变了软件开发，提升了可扩展性与可维护性。这一范式革新如今也适用于复杂的多智能体系统（MAS）。本文综述了在多智能体系统背景下，从单体架构到微服务架构的演进过程。文章指出传统单体多智能体系统的局限性，并阐明采用基于微服务的方法所带来的优势。进一步探讨了核心架构原则与通信协议，包括智能体通信语言（ACL）、模型上下文协议（MCP）以及应用到应用（A2A）协议。通过对比分析，识别出新兴的架构模式、设计挑战与关键考量因素。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The transition from monolithic to microservices architecture revolutionized software development by improving scalability and maintainability. This paradigm shift is now becoming relevant for complex multi-agent systems (MAS). This review article explores the evolution from monolithic architecture to microservices architecture in the specific context of MAS. It will highlight the limitations of traditional monolithic MAS and the benefits of adopting a microservices-based approach. The article further examines the core architectural principles and communication protocols, including Agent Communication Languages (ACLs), the Model Context Protocol (MCP), and the Application-to-Application (A2A) protocol. The article identifies emerging architectural patterns, design challenges, and considerations through a comparative lens of the paradigm shift.
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